144 



REPORT — 1856. 



The author observes in conclusion, that from the official returns he can trace only 

 those family connexions that are denoted by a similarity of name. The relation of 

 fathers-in-law and sons-in-law, of brothers-in-law, of uncles and nephews, and of 

 cousins, may exist in cases where the parties have different names. He professes only 

 to give an analysis of the facts stated in the returns, and he abstains from stating any 

 opinion as to whether family relationships are beneficial or otherwise as an element in 

 the composition of our Banking Institutions. 



The Definition of Income in Economic Science compared with the existing 

 Taxes on Income. By W. Neilson Hancock, LL.D. 



On the Mortality among Officers of the British Army in the East. 

 By R. Thompson Jopling, F.S.S. 



The battle of the Alma was fought on the 20th of September, 1854, and Sebastopol 

 was taken on the 9th of September, 1855, — a period of little less than a year. During 

 this interval three, or including the battle of Sebastopol, four, distinct battles were 

 fought, besides several minor ones, such as the attack on the Quarries on the 7th of 

 June ; the attack on the Redan on the 18th of June ; and others. 



It appears that the total number of officers killed in action was 162, and of those 

 dying subsequently from wounds 62 ; making together 224. Of these, 4 were Major- 

 Generals, 5 Colonels, 21 Lieutenant-Colonels, 16 Majors, 77 Captains, SB Lieutenants, 

 11 Ensigns and Cornets, 1 Quartermaster, and 1 Surgeon. Among the Captains, 62 

 were killed in action, and 15 died subsequently from wounds; while among the Lieu- 

 tenants, 60 were killed in action, and 28 died from wounds, proving how much more 

 Captains are exposed to sudden death (i. e. to be killed in action in proportion to dying 

 subsequently from wounds) than Lieutenants, and, indeed, looking generally at Table 

 I., than any class of officers. 



The following Table shows the number exposed to risk, the number killed or dead 

 from wounds, with the rate of mortality, for each of the four battles before alluded to. 

 Under the column of Sebastopol, the deaths therein stated occurred from the two 

 attacks on Sebastopol on the 18th of June and the 8th and 9th of September, 1855, 

 as well as the Quarries on the 8th of June, and also include officers killed in the 

 trenches by chance shots, &c. 



The number of officers exposed to risk, as shown in this Table, represent the actual 

 number present on the field. On this subject the author states, that although it may be 

 argued that these numbers will not represent the numbers actually under fire in each 

 battle, yet upon consideration it will be seen, that for the purpose of showing the pro- 

 portion killed by the casualties of each battle, the total number in the field should be 

 taken ; and that because only a small portion may happen to be actually under fire, 

 arising from the fact that the battle did not last long enough to require all the troops 

 to be called into action. 



By the above Table it appears that the estimated number of officers of Her Majesty's 

 Army, exclusive of those attached to Foreign Legions, the Artillery, Engineers, and 

 Land Transport Corps sent to the Crimea since the commencement of the war, amounts 

 to 3250. Of these, 5 per cent., or 1 in 20, were killed in action or in the trenches, 

 and nearly 2 per cent. (I'D) died subsequently from wounds, making together 7 per 

 cent. (6-9), or 1 in 14 (14-5). 



