TRANSACTIONS OP THE SECTIONS. 151 



Such a sanitary state, as exhibited by the preceding Tables, cannot exist without great 

 loss of life and without considerable expense to the community at large, and the fol- 

 lowing are a few suggestions to remedy this bad state of health amongst the poorer 

 classes. 



6. All constitutionally weak children of several parishes should be brought into a 

 union sanatorium, where all the available hygienic and medical means, according to the 

 present state of science, should be used, and the education of the children continued, 

 as far as their weakly state permits ; when healthy, these children might be sent to the 

 union or charity school. 



7. The curable adult disabled paupers suffering from chronic affections should be 

 also visited, for the sake of cure or improvement. 



8. The expenses for the cure of such paupers would not be much more than the 

 expenses of the workhouse, where such paupers are frequently kept for years in con- 

 sequence of their having been neglected at a time when their health could have been 

 restored. 



9. In order to prevent the increase of the number of disabled paupers, it is most 

 important that the health of the healthy inmates should be kept up to the highest 

 standard, for which purpose the masters and matrons of workhouses, as well as all 

 schoolmasters and schoolmistresses, should have an elementary, popular, and practical 

 knowledge of the injurious and beneficial influences affecting health. This sanitary 

 knowledge should be imparted to the children, whose bodily faculties should be deve- 

 loped simultaneously with their mental faculties. 



10. This sanitary knowledge should form a part of the instruction in the training 

 schools of schoolmasters and schoolmistresses, of whom we cannot expect that they 

 should bestow more care on the preservation of the health of their pupils so long as 

 they are entirely ignorant on the subject ; the preservation of individual health depends 

 upon the parents and schoolmasters, but not on the medical man, who enters on his 

 duties, in the great majority of cases, only after those of the educator have been 

 neglected. 



11. The importance of a large garden or play-ground, as an indispensable part of a 

 workhouse, has been sufficiently advocated and proved by the condition of those schools 

 and workhouses which are not sufBciently provided in this respect. 



J 2. The kitchen fire in workhouses and charitable institutions can, by the aid of hot 

 water or steam, provide the necessary warmth in the various apartments, and sufficient 

 warm water or steam for baths, which are most important in preserving health, in cut- 

 ting short many diseases at the beginning, or in curing them when developed. 



Conclusion. — It is most important not only to diminish the amount of ill-health at 

 present existing among our poor population, but we must prevent, as far as it depends 

 upon ourselves, all the causes artificially producing disease and deteriorating the 

 general health : the number of inmates of our workhouses would thus considerably 

 decrease, and a diminution of poor's-rate would go hand-in-hand with the improved 

 health of the paupers. 



On the Territorial Distribution of the Population, for purposes of Sanitary 

 Inquiry and Social Economy. By H. W. Rtjmsey, F.R.C.S. 



1. If opportunities are now rarely afforded to States to group their populations on 

 scientific principles, to determine the most salutary and beneficial sites for human 

 habitation, and to combine the sites so occupied in well-contrived districts for statis- 

 tical inquiry and local management, — it cannot be denied that the past neglect of 

 governments, and the mistakes of private or associated enterprise, in the selection of 

 places for migration and colonization, have led to most fatal results, — to enormous 

 sacrifice of life, to immense national and personal loss, and to sad degradation of race. 



2. Correct principles of locajization are not easily applied to old communities, yet 

 the difficulties in the way of are-adjustment of territorial divisions, even in this country, 

 are not insuperable. The mobility of the population of England has undergone some 

 striking variations since the Conquest. Many causes and great facilities existed for 

 change of abode until the sixteenth century. Legislation and other circumstances 

 tended to fix the population in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries. 

 But most of those impediments to locomotion have been removed in the present age; 



