ON AGEAN INVERTEBRATA. 149 
seven do not range deeper than ten fathoms. A Goniaster and an Asterina 
were the species met with in deepest water, the first coming up from 60 
fathoms off Cnidus, the second ranging from 20 to 70 fathoms. Four species 
were identical with Celtic forms, one of them being the Uraster glacialis, 
which ranges northward to the shores of Greenland. The northern seas 
greatly exceed the Mediterranean in the number of species and abundance 
of individuals of this order. Out of the small number of Asteriade which were 
taken in the /Zgean, one half the number occurred only as single specimens. 
Echinide.—The extreme abundance of Echinus lividus, which lines the 
rocks a little below water-mark in most parts of the Mediterranean, is a cha- 
racteristic feature of that sea. Otherwise (especially in the Aigean) Echinide 
are not extensively represented. ‘The true esculentus has a wide range in 
the eastern Mediterranean, extending from Cerigo to Asia Minor, but indivi- 
duals are very scarce. A small species (E. monilis) is abundant on nulli- 
pore ground at all depths between 15 and 100 fathoms. Spatangi are very 
rare: a few examples occurred in the sandy shores, and fragments were 
dredged as deep as 150 fathoms. Spatangus purpureus, identical with the 
British species, is extremely scarce in the /Egean, but more frequent, and 
attaining a large size in the Sicilian seas. The Mediterranean Cidaris is 
very characteristic of this sea: its spines are frequently taken, and sometimes 
the living animal, which dwells on coral ground, mostly in from 60 to 70 
fathoms. It would appear to be gregarious. 
Holothuriade.—The number of Egean Holothuriade is seven, of which four 
belong to the typical genus of the family, the species of which are very cha- 
racteristic of the Mediterranean. They all live in shallow water, attain to 
large size, and usually occur in great numbers. The only Celtic species 
observed was the Cucumaria pentactes, dredged in 11 fathoms off the mouth 
of the Hermus, and exactly resembling specimens taken in similar situations 
on the British coast. The Holothuriade are much more numerous in the 
western Mediterranean. Mud and sand are their most usual habitats. 
Sipunculide.—Out of six /Egean species of this family, three inhabit cre- 
vices of the rocks near water-mark, two live among fuci in a muddy bottom, 
and one (Syrinz nudus), the only one which is common to the Egean and 
Celtic seas, is found on sand. The rock-inhabiting species are frequent, the 
others rare. There is no diminution in the number of individuals or their 
size as we travel eastwards. 










Echinodermata. 
Species. £gean.| Medit.; Ground. Depth. | Geog. Distrib. 
CRINOIDEA. fathoms. 
Comatula, Lam. ......| 1 1 
rosacea, Link: (...)./0. |} dees [eee weedy. 20-30 |Celtic seas. 
OpHIURIDZ. 
Pectinura, Forb. ......| 1 1 
vestita, Forb....... orl wee fe oas | sullipore, 100 
Ophiura, Lam.........| 3 3 
texturata, Lam....... vat o/[ea da hes Weel 28 
albida, Forb........./.... ...+. | Sand, weed.| 5-50  |Celt.& North.) _ 
abyssicola, Forb. ....|.... |.... | White mud. | 100-200 [British seas. 

Ophioderma, Mul. & Tros.| 1 2 4 
lacertosa, Zam.......|.... |... \weedy, mud.| 10-30 |Can. 
