
ON BRITISH FOSSIL MAMMALIA. 215 
moth from the newer Pliocene near Cromer, in the collection of Miss Gurney, 
the most perfect measures In. Lines. 
In: breadtias wil’ E> vistlorie Wi sai. sisal clus oy 16 6 
Breadth of the anterior condyles ........ 7 10 
Breadth of the posterior ditto............ 9 8 
Inwerti¢al diaitieters Jjijej. 2) se steyuaisaaisiie »'e 10 0 
A vertebra dentata from the freshwater deposits at Clacton, Essex, twenty 
feet above high water mark, in the collection of Mr. Brown of Stanway, mea- 
sures 6 inches 9 lines in transverse diameter, 5 inches in vertical diameter, and 
has a spinal canal 3 inches in transverse diameter. 
A dorsal vertebra, in the same collection, measures in height 1 foot 10 
inches, the spinous process being 9 inches high. The transverse diameter 
of the vertebra is 8 inches 6 lines, that of the spinal canal being 3 inches. 
In Mr. Brown’s collection is also preserved the os sacrum of a Mammoth from 
the freshwater formations of Essex. It is of a triangular form; the transverse 
diameter of the forepart of the body of the first sacral vertebra is 6 inches 
6 lines ; the diameter of the largest nervous foramen was 2 inches 4 lines. 
A seapula, with the spine, the supra-spinal plate and base broken away, 
from the same formation, shows the characteristic superior breadth of the 
glenoid articular cavity at its inferior part, and the shortness of the neck of 
the scapula, which Cuvier has recognized in the scapula of the Siberian 
Mammoth. 
This scapula gave the following dimensions :— Ft. In. 
From the glenoid cavity to the inferior angle.... 1 10 
Brom -ditte 16 theapines 30:6 62. OS. 0 4 
From the middle of the spine to the lower costa 
0 8 
oftine geapmilnivt ses e248. 02.00 REP. bu 
In a fragment of a Mammoth’s scapula from Happisburgh, in the collection 
of Mr. Fitch of Norwich, the long diameter of the glenoid articulation was 
10 inches, its short diameter 44 inches. The head of the humerus, in the 
state of an epiphysis, found with the above fragment, measures 10} inches in 
its longest diameter. These parts, notwithstanding their dimensions, have 
belonged to an immature specimen of the Mammoth. 
Of the stupendous magnitude to which some individuals, doubtless the old 
males, of the Hlephas primigenius arrived, several fossils from the British 
drift afford striking evidence. 
In the noble skeleton of the Mammoth now at St. Petersburgh, which was 
found entire in the frozen soil of the banks of the Lena, the humerus is 3 
feet 4 inches in length; that of the skeleton of the large Indian Elephant 
(Chuny) which was killed at Exeter Change in 1826, is 2 feet 11 inches in 
length. In the rich collection of Mammalian remains from the Norfolk coast, 
belonging to Miss Gurney of North-repps Cottage, near Cromer, there is an 
entire humerus of the Mammoth which measures 4 feet 5 inches in length. 
Subjoined are a few of the dimensions of this enormous bone and of its 
analogue in the above-mentioned skeleton of the Indian Elephant in the 
Museum of the College of Surgeons :— 
El. primigenius. Ell. Indicus. 
Ft. In. Lin. Ft. In. Lin. 
Humerus, entire length............ 4 5 0 211 0 
Circumference at the middle ...... 2 2-6 Hi) OOH 
Ditto at proximal end .......... 8 BNE UO BB 
Breadth of distal end.............. Biogun@ 010 6 
From summit of supinator ridge io 170 procs 
end of outer condyle,......... 
