216 REPORT—1843. 
The humerus of the Mammoth was found in 1836, after a very high tide, 
partially exposed in the cliff, composed of interblended blue clay and red 
gravel, near the village of Bacton in Norfolk. The outer crust of the bone 
is much shattered; it manifests the specific distinction of the humerus of the 
Mammoth in the relatively shorter proportions of the great supinator ridge, 
as is shown by the last admeasurement, and the bicipital canal is also rela- 
tively narrower. 
A portion of a large tibia was obtained from the same bed in 1841; this 
bone likewise is in Miss Gurney’s collection. 
A humerus of the Mammoth, wanting the proximal end, from Clacton, 
Essex, in the collection of Mr. Brown of Stanway, measures 2 feet 10 inches 
in length, and 15 inches 6 lines in median circumference, showing the thicker 
proportions as compared with the existing Elephant. 
The bones of the fore-arm of the Mammoth from British localities have not 
offered any characters worthy of notice. 
Of those of the fore-foot I have examined some magnificent specimens ob- 
tained by Mr. Ball from the brick-loam near Grays, Essex, and which have 
belonged to a Mammoth as large as that which must have furnished the 
humerus above described. 
The following are the comparative dimensions of some of those bones and 
of their analogues in the skeleton of Chuny, the great Asiatic Elephant of 
Exeter Change :— 
El. primigenius. El. Asiaticus. 
In. Lin. In. Lin. 
Os magnum, vertical diameter....... senate: a 3 0 
Middle metacarpal, length ..........++-- 10 O 7 0 
Middle breadth of distalend ..... eer ee 3 4 
Mr. J. Wickham Flower possesses a fine and perfect specimen of the femur 
of the Mammoth from the Essex till, which offers the usual characteristic of 
the extinct species in the relatively narrower posterior interspace between the 
two condyles and in the thicker shaft. The outer ridge of the femur extends 
about two-thirds down the bone. The following are some of its dimensions 
compared with that of the Indian Elephant :— 
El. primigenius. El. Indicus. 
~ Ft. In. Lin, Ft. In. Lin. 
PGBM OTD won. » seme: In nieys ante eres 3.4 0 3: pGrg) 
Breadth across proximal end ...... | ae EA 1 an Ys 0) 
Breadth across back part of condyles. 0 7 6 O.. hi 
Circumference of shaft............ 1 ente 20 dies 
A femur of the Mammoth, from the drift gravel at Abingdon, is preserved 
in the Ashmolean Museum. It is remarkable for its fine state of preserva- 
tion, and exhibits the same character of the extinct species as the foregoing 
specimen. 
The femur of the Mammoth, described by the notable French Surgeon 
Habicot, in his ‘ Gigantosteologie, 1613,’ as the thigh-bone of Theutobochus, 
king of the Cimbrians, which was said to be 5 feet in length, indicates a 
specimen larger than that to which the humerus from Cromer belonged. 
M. de Blainville is, however, of opinion that the femur in question belonged 
to a Mastodon. 
Strata and Localities —Of all the extinct Mammalia which have left their 
fossil remains in British strata, no species was more abundant or more widely 
distributed than the Mammoth or Elephas primigenius. 
Wherever the last general geological force has left traces of its operations 
upon the present surface, in the form of drift or unstratified transported frag- 
