é 
ON BRITISH FOSSIL MAMMALIA. 217 
ments of rock and gravel, and wherever the contemporary or immediately 
antecedent more tranquil and gradual operations of the sea or fresh waters 
have formed beds of marl, of brick-earth or loam, there, with few exceptions, 
have fossil bones or teeth of the Mammoth been discovered. 
It would be tedious to specify all the particular localities from which, in 
collecting the materials for the present report, I have entered records of the 
existence of the fossil remains of this gigantic quadruped. ‘They are most 
remarkable for their abundance in the drift along the east coast of England, 
as at Robin Hood’s Bay near Whitby; at Scarborough, at Bridlington, and 
various places along the shore of Holderness. 
Mr. Woodward, in his ‘Geology of Norfolk,’ supposes that upwards of 
two thousand grinders of the Mammoth have been dredged up by the fisher- 
men off the little village of Happisburgh in the space of thirteen years. The 
oyster-bed was discovered here in 1820, and during the first twelve months 
hundreds of the molar teeth of Mammoths were dredged up. Great quan- 
tities of the bones and tusks of the Mammoth are doubtless annually destroyed 
by the action of the waves of the sea. Remains of the Mammoth are hardly 
less numerous in Suffolk, especially in the pleistocene beds along the coast 
and at Stutton; they become more rare in the fluvio-marine crag at South- 
wold and Thorp. The village of Walton near Harwich is famous for the abun- 
dance of these fossils, which lie along the base of the sea-cliffs, mixed with 
bones of species of Horse, Ox and Deer. 
Reference has already been made to other localities in Essex, as Clacton, 
Grays, Ilford, Copford and Kingsland, where, in the freshwater deposits, the 
remains of the extinct Elephant occur, associated with the above-mentioned 
Herbivora, and with more scanty remains of Rhinoceros. 
In the valley of the Thames they have been discovered at Sheppey, Wool- 
wich, the Isle of Dogs, Lewisham; in the drift gravel beneath the streets of 
the metropolis, as in Gray’s Inn Lane, twelve feet deep; in Charles Street, 
near Waterloo Place, thirty feet deep. 
Passing westward we encounter Mammoths’ remains at Kensington, at Brent- 
ford, at Kew, and at Hurley-bottom, Wallingford near Dorchester; in the 
gravel-pits at Abingdon and Oxford, and at Witham Hill and Bagley Wood*. 
Bones of the great extinct Elephant again occur in the valley of the Medway, 
at the Nore, at Chatham, and at Canterbury. On the south coast of England 
they have been discovered at Brighton, Hove and Worthing; at Lyme Regis and 
Charmouth ; also at Peppering near Arundel, about 80 feet above the present 
level of the Arun. Passing inland from the south coast we find remains of the 
Mammoth at Burton and Loders, near Bridport, and near Yeovil in Somerset. 
At Whitchurch, near Dorchester, Dr. Buckland observes that the remains of 
the Mammoth lie in gravel above the chalk, and are found in a similar posi- 
tion on Salisbury Plain; they again occur at Box and Newton near Bath, and 
at Rodborough in Gloucestershire. 
Mr. Randall of Stroud has lately acquainted me, that in some recent rail- 
way excavations in the neighbourhood of that town, tusks and molar teeth of 
a Mammoth have been discovered in drift gravel from fourteen to twenty 
feet below the surface: one of the tusks was recovered in a tolerably perfect 
state, and measured 9 feet in length; it is in the possession of — Carpenter, 
Esq., of Gannicox House, near Stroud. 
In Worcestershire, on the borders of the Principality, remains of the Mam- 
moth are noticed by Mr. Murchison as occurring in a gravel-pit south of East- 
nor Castle. This pit is in the midst of a group of Silurian rocks, and the frag- 
*® Dr. Kidd’s Geological Essays. 
