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218 REPORT—1843. 
ments consist exclusively of those rocks and of the sienite of the adjacent 
hills, whence Mr. Murchison rightly infers that this extinct species of Ele- 
phant formerly ranged over that country. In North Wales Pennant mentions 
two molar teeth and a tusk found at Holkur, near the mouth of the Vale of 
Clwyd, in Flintshire, and near Dyserth ; they occurred in a bed of drift gravel 
containing pebbles of lead-ore, which are worked like the analogous stream- 
works which contain pebbles and sand of tin-ore in Cornwall. 
Bones of the Mammoth, with those of the Rhinoceros and Hippopotamus, 
have been found in coarse gravelly drift with overlying marl and clay in the 
valley of the Severn, at Fleet’s bank near Sandlin. Marine shells occur in 
the coarse drift, and freshwater shells in the superficial fluviatile deposits. 
My. Strickland found remains of the Mammoth associated with Hippopo- 
tamus, Urus, &c. in the valley of the Avon, in apparently a local fluviatile 
drift, containing land and freshwater shells: this geologist supposes that after 
those parts of Worcestershire and Warwickshire had been long under the sea, 
an elevation of some hundred feet converted them into dry land, and that a 
river or chain of lakes then descending from the north-east, re-arranged 
much of the gravel of the great northern glacial drift, disposing it in thin 
strata and imbedding in it the shells of mollusks and the bones of the extinct 
quadrupeds. 
In the centre of England, Dr. Buckland notices the occurrence of the 
Mammoth at Trentham in Staffordshire, in different parts of Northampton- 
shire, and at Newnham and Lawford, near Rugby in Warwickshire ; there the 
Mammoth’s bones lay by the side of those of the Rhinoceros and Hyena. 
Mammoth-fossils oceur at Middleton in the Yorkshire Wolds, in Brands- 
burton gravel-hills, and at Overton near York. Remains of the Mammoth, 
valuable from the condition of the ivory of the tusks, have been discovered 
at Atwick, near Hornsea, in the county of York. 
In Scotland remains of the Mammoth have been found in the drift-clay 
between Edinburgh and Falkirk, at Kilmuir in Ayreshire. 
In Ireland remains of the Mammoth have been found at Maghery in the 
county of Cavan, and in the drift near Tully-doly, county of Tyrone. 
The celebrated cave at Kirkdale concealed remains of Mammoths: the 
molars here detected were all of small size ; very few of them exceed 3 inches 
in their longest diameter, and they must have belonged to extremely young 
animals, which had been dragged in by the Hyznas for food with Rhinoce- 
roses, Hippopotamuses, and large Ruminantia. 
The molars of the Mammoth which I have hitherto seen from the cave 
called Kent’s Hole near Torquay are of similar young specimens ; here they 
are associated with the Hyzna, the great Cave Tiger, the Cave Bear, &c.: 
and I entirely accede to Dr. Buckland’s explanation, that the bones or bodies of 
these young Mammoths were dragged into the cave by the Carnivora which 
coexisted with them. 
Quitting the dry land and caves of Great Britain, we find the bed of the Ger- 
man Ocean a most fertile depository of the remains of the Llephas primigenius, 
and they are generally remarkable for their fine state of preservation, 
Capt. Byam Martin, the harbour-master at Ramsgate, possesses several 
well-preserved specimens which have been from time to time brought up by 
the deep-sea nets of the fishermen, to whom this strange catching of elephants 
instead of turbot is a matter of disappointment and often of loss. A fine lower 
jaw of a young Mammoth, in the possession of Mr. G. B. Sowerby, was thus 
dredged up off the Dogger Bank, and a femur and portion of a large tusk, 
before described, were raised from 25 fathoms at low water, midway between 
Yarmouth and the Dutch coast. 
