ON BRITISH FOSSIL MAMMALIA. 229 
they discovered “au milieu de nos couches a ossemens,” in the midst of their 
rich fossiliferous tertiary beds. These observers found, however, that the 
facial part of their fossil Hog was relatively shorter than in the existing Sus 
serofa, and they have conceived it to represent a distinct species, viz. the Sus 
Avernensis. Dr. Kaup has described fossils referable to the genus Sus from 
the miocene Epplesheim sand, in which they were associated with fossils of 
the Mastodon and Dinotherium. 
The oldest fossils of the genus Sus from British strata which I have yet 
seen, are portions of the external incisor of the lower jaw, from fissures in 
the red crag (probably miocene) of Newbourne near Woodbridge, Suffolk. 
They were associated with teeth of an extinct Felis about the size of a leo- 
pard, with those of a bear, and with remains of a large Cervus. These 
mammalian remains were found with the ordinary fossils of the red crag ; 
they had undergone the same process of trituration, and were impregnated 
with the same colouring matter as the associated bones and teeth of fishes 
acknowledged to be derived from the regular strata of the red crag. These 
mammaliferous beds have been proved by Mr. Lyell to be older than 
the fluvio-marine or Norwich crag, in which remains of the Mastodon, Rhi- 
noceros and Horse have been discovered; and still older than the freshwater 
Pleistocene deposits from which the remains of the Mammoth, Rhinoceros, 
&c. are obtained in such abundance. 
I have met with some satisfactory instances of the association of fossil 
remains of a species of Hog with those of the Mammoth in the newer plio- 
cene freshwater formations of England. 
In the collection of Mr. Wickham Flower there are good specimens of the 
teeth of the Hog (molars, and a long and sharp tusk), which were taken from 
the brick-earth at Grays in Essex, twenty feet below the present surface ; these 
teeth were associated with teeth and bones of a deer, and portions of dark 
charred wood. Mr. Brown of Stanway has likewise some fossil remains of 
a young specimen of Sus from the freshwater deposits at Grays. 
A left upper tusk of a Boar from the Pleistocene beds near Brighton pre- 
sented a broader longitudinal internal strip of enamel than in those tusks of 
the Wild Boar of Europe or India which I had for comparison ; the longitu- 
dinal groove along the unenamelled part was deeper. 
These instances of fossil remains of the Hog tribe are, however, very rare. 
The usual situation of bones of the Hog is that mentioned by Cuvier in peat- 
bogs. In the Norwich Museum there is the anterior part of the lower jaw of 
a Hog, which was found four or five feet below the surface in peat-bog upon 
drift-gravel. 
A molar tooth with the upper and lower tusks of a Wild Boar have been 
found, associated with remains of the Wolf, Beaver, Goat, Roebuck, and large 
Red-deer in freshwater marl, underlying a bed of peat 10 feet thick, itself 
covered in some places by the same thickness of shell-marl and alluvium, at 
Newbury, Berkshire. 
In the most recent deposits where the remains of the Hog are usually met 
with, their identity with the Sus scrofa is unequivocal. 
I have received from Dr. Richardson a collection of bones, not much altered 
by time, from a gravel-pit in Lincolnshire, near the boundary between the 
parishes of Croft and Ikeness ; among these were remains of the common Hog. 
The tusks and molar teeth of a Boar which were discovered, ten feet be- 
low the surface of a peat-bog, near Abingdon, Berkshire, were associated 
with quantities of hazel-nuts in a blackened or charred state, the whole 
‘resting on a layer of sand which was traced extending eighteen feet hori- 
zontally. 
The anterior part of the left ramus of the jaw of a Hog has been obtained 
from the drift formation at Kesslingland, Suffolk. 
