90 REPORT—1846. 
Serret. Propriétés Géométriques relatives 4 la Théorie des Fonctions 
Elliptiques.—L. viii. 495. 
—. Note al’occasion du Mémoire de M. William Roberts, &c.—L. ix. 
160. 
——. Mémoire sur la Représentation Géométrique des Fonctions Ellip- 
tiques et Ultra-elliptiques. Addition au mémoire précédent.—L. x. 
257 and 286. It was on this memoir that M. Liouville made so favour- 
able a report to the Institute. V. R. p. 72. 
——. Développemens sur une Classe d’Equations relatives a la Représen- 
tation des Fonctions Elliptiques—L. x. 351. 
——. Note sur les Courbes Elliptiques de la Premiére Classe.—L. x. 421. 
——. Sur la Représentation des Fonctions Elliptiques de Premiére Espéce. 
—Camb. and Dublin Math. Journ. i. p. 187. 
Souncke. /quationes Modulares pro Transformatione Functionum Ellip- 
ticarum et undecimi et decimi tertii et decimi septimi ordinis.—C. xii. 
178. M. Sohncke here gives the results which he investigates by a ge- 
neral method in the following paper. 
/Equationes Modulares, &c.—C. xvi. 97. V. R. p. 68. 
Taxzot. Researches in the Integral Calculus.—Phil. Trans. 1836, p. 177; 
1837, p.1. V.R.p. 41. 
On Comparative Analytical Researches on Sea Water. 
By Prof. ForcHHAMMER. 
In a paper read today in the Chemical Section, I have tried to show that 
in the ocean between Europe and America, the greatest quantity of saline 
matter is found in the tropical region far from any land; in such places 1000 
parts of sea water contain 36°6 parts of salt. This quantity diminishes in 
approaching the coast, on account of the masses of fresh water which the 
rivers throw into the sea; it diminishes likewise in the westernmost part of 
the Gulf-stream, where I only found it to be 35-9 in 1000 parts of the water. 
By the evaporation of the water of this warm current, its quantity of saline 
matter increases towards the east, and reaches in N. lat. 39° 39' and W. long. 
55° 16’, its former height of 36°5. From thence it decreases slowly towards 
the north-east, and sea water, at a distance of sixty to eighty miles from the 
western shores of England, contains only 35°7 parts of solid substances ; and 
the same quantity of salt is found all over the north-eastern part of the At- 
lantie as far to the north as Iceland, always at such a distance from the land 
that the influence of fresh water from the land is avoided. From numerous 
observations made on the shores of Iceland and the Faroe islands, it is evi- 
dent that the water of the Gulf-stream spreads over this part of the Atlantic 
Ocean, and thus we see that water of tropical currents will keep its character 
even in high northern latitudes. 
Besides the southerly direction which any current flowing from the north- 
ern polar regions must take, it will, according to well-known physical laws 
depending upon the rotation of the earth, always take a direction towards the 
west, and thus be driven towards the eastern shores of the continents, while 
any tropical current flowing towards the north will, according to the same law 
of rotation, take a direction towards the western shores of the continents. — 
This is at present the case in the Atlantic Ocean, and its effects upon the 
shores of Europe, which by a branch of a tropical current are surrounded by 
warm water, produce a mild and moist climate. 
