{ 
OWEN (1846)? 
| 
} OKEN (1807)*. 
Taste III.—SYNONYMS or tue BONES or tue HEAD, accorptnc ro THEIR GENERAL HOMOLOGIES. 
| [Insert at the end of the Report.) 
SPIX (1815)', 
Occipital Vertebra. 
1. Occipital centrum «+-+++ee+06 
neurapophyses «+++... 
} diverging appendage ... 
Splanchno-skeleton. 
16 
| Capsules of f sens f 
18. Japs! ie3 0! organs of sense . | 
Radius capit 
Humerus capitis 
Corpus vertebra. 
is 
Koprwirpex oder KoprsiNNESWIRBEL. 
Ohrwirbel. 
oder Korper der Ohrwirbel 
Processus transyersi et obliqui oder Seiten- und Schiefenfortsiitze do. 
pia bests ecs tsi vaate Processus spinosus - oder Stachelfortsatz do. Pars superior processus spinosi 
F yertebree prime, 
Ei Partes inferiores spi- 
4. FAPOPLYSCS ss eeeereeree Undetermined *:. -.:s..s5-cusesstiettercnssuvapsdaprcucsr scans { : Processus s ‘} 
‘ parapophyse s ; ; nosi vertebra: prima. 
50, 51. plewaponbyses Line aus finf Halsrippen zusammengeflossene Platte Notiracopuinedinsteleniantarcn he 
52. hemapophyses : Rae Tt yasteham Tee ees Ossa extremitatis thoracic «++ 
53-57. diverging appendages « 
Parietal Vertebra. Kieferwirbel. Vertebra Cents seu parie- 
iy Parietal centrum. Corpus vertebrie ...- : ; oder Korper des Kieferwirbels Corpus vertebrae secundie ..-+++ 
6. 7 Processus transyersi et obliqui oder Seiten- und Schiefenfortsit Processus transyersi vert. 2de. 
ii. spine Processus spinosus . oder Stachelfortsatz do. tae media processus spina 
4 vertebrae secunds. 
8. parapophyses Undetermined ...... Os facie iliacum  .........2000+ 
38 leurapophyses 
39, 40. izemapophyses . Se 
41-43. escalate 5 Sacrum capitis... Ossa extremitatis cervicalis ... 
44. diverging appendage... 
Frontal Vertebra. Augwirbel. Vertebra tertia, seu frontalis. 
9,9" Frontal centrum.. . s ee . E ? Corpus vertebra tertie 
10. neurapophyses . Corpus et processus transyersi oder Korper nebst den ised [oan des Augwirbels. { ae Bansvetoertl inti 
11. spine ... Processus spinosus . . oder Stachelfortsatz nebst seinen Seitentheilen Processus spinosus vert. tertiee 
12, parapophyses .....+.000 Undetermined... Os faciei scapulare 
28. pleurapophyses «.......+ Scapulz capitis (in birds)...... oder Schulterblatt des Kopfes ............ seswaeseseneesersenseese Os faciei ischiale.........0.2000+ 
Femur capitis 
29, Tibia capitis Femur, tibia, fibula, tarsus, faciei 
a Fibula capitis 
Slee |Ueavexvcree seeeesenees tye 
ay nuenee })_ Pes capitis Phalanges pedis faciei seers» 
34-37. diverging appendage... Os pubis faciei 
KoprruMPFSINNESWIRBEL. 
Nasal Vertebra. Nasenivirbel*. 
13. Nasal centrum Corpus vertebrale ...........-... oder Korper der Nasenwirbel Os mediastino-faciale. 
14. “Das Siebbein mit seinen Windungen (18) fiir das zu Gefassen metamorphosirte Hirn. Ossa thyreoideo-facialia. 
15. Processus spinosus ....-.--..-- oder Stacheltheil der Nasenwirbel Os faciei sternale 
pleurapophyses ......... Costa capitis fixe ...-...... s+ oder Verwachsene Kopfrippe «sessessscressereeetssesetseenesees Os secundum hyoideo-faciale .. 
hemapophyses ... Ulna capitis ....-20.secseseeseee oder Ellenbogenbein des Kopfes -.:....::00:sseesseeseeeeeeeeeee Os ulmare faciei «..........c00e8 : 
hamal spine ... Manus capitis -....-es210+ee00+ oder Hand des Kopfes® ...sc+cesersssesscerseestensensseseereereee Os radiale faciel ...........c00008 
ader Schliisselbein des Kopfes ....:sssccssscseeeeesseeesseeeereee Os hyoideo-faciale ..........0.0+ 
. oder Speiche des Kopf 
Sinnorgan 
45, 
ASAT Branchial arches....-.s.s0++e++ 
48, 49. 
Dermo-skeleton, 
71. Supra-orbital sealebone ...... Undetermined .......... Prod FrlOLEr Hon cer Ps pPLEAP CCCOSEC RSD) CLDF PLE ECE PEECEE PEPE Cer EPE PEP EEE EE PPRCELDS 
Supra-temporal do. Undetermined. 
Lacrymal do. Processus transyersus 
Suborbital do. Undetermine 
Labial do. Undetermined. 
. oder Oberarm des Kopfes (in birds); seapula capitis (in man) 
BOJANUS (1818)7. 
GEOFFROY (1824). 
Vertebra prima, seu occipitalis. 
Corpus vertebrae primm ...++++++ 
Processus transversi yert, 1a-- 
Undetermined 
Os erico-arytenoideo-faciale 
Os coracoideum faciale . 
Undetermined 
v 
Javiculare faciei . 
Os humerale facie: 
Ohrwirbel (Vertebra acus- 
Ohr-Grundstiic 
Bogenstiicke «. 
Dornfortsatz . 
Undetermined....--:..6-+-01--« 
{ Not 
Schmeckwirbel (Vertebra 
recognised as elements 
of cranial yertebrax. 
ae vertebrae primm, seu 
occipitalis *. 
{ Cost: 
Sehwirbel (Vertebra optica). 
Undetermined... 
Seh-Bogenstiicke 
Dornfortsatz 
Undetermined 
Undetermined ........6000 
Undetermined ........cceree é 
Undetermined scccsscsereesseees 
Undetermined 
Riechwirbel ( Vertebra olfac- 
Riech-Grundstiick 
Bogenstiicke 
Dornfortsatz 
vertebrae 4ta, 
wthmoidalis *. 
Undetermined... 
Undetermined.. 
Coste vertebra: 
seu sphenoidales *. 
Undetermined 
Undetermined ; 
Grundstiick der Sehw 
Undetermined 
Processus zygomaticus sae 
frontis. 
Undetermined . 
Ossa jugalia 
tica). 
Vileme vertébres 
Périaux du Viléme yertébre 
Epial du Viéme vertébre ... 
Epiaux du VIléme vertebre. 
Not recognised as elements 
of cranial vertebrae, 
gustatoria). 
Schmeck-Grundstiick. Cyeléal du Véme yertébre” . 
Bogenstiicke ... Epiaux du TVeme yertebre ., 
Dornfortsatz Epiaux du Véme yertébre ... 
Périaux du Vieéme vertebre.. 
Not recognised as elements 
of cranial vertebrae, 
Cyeléal du TVéme vertébre ” 
Périaux du 1Veme vertébre . 
Epial du I1leme vertébre ... 
Périaux du Véeme vertébre... 
Anneau inférieure du Véme 
vertébre, 
Undetermined........:.0:s0+0+ 
Undetermined .. 
34. Anneau inférieure du 
37. Viéme vertébre. 
35, Amneau inférieure du 
36, f Vleme vertébre". 
toria). 
Cycléal du Ide vertébre ”.., 
Périaux du IIde vertébre®. 
Epial du Ide vertébre ...... 
Cataaux du T1Iéme yertébre 
seu } 
Cataaux du Tere vertébre .. 
yertebre. 
Cataaux du IVéme vertébre. 
Paraaux du Ide vertébre - 
we et Stire, } 
Undetermined 
Epiaux du Tere yertébre: 
Cataaux du Ide vertebre 
Pleureaux, ou Cotes de ln 
poitrine 
me vertdbre!* 
me yertebre. 
‘aranux du Ter 
Paraaux du IVéi 
dieters des Viéme oh 
Heras and Paraaux du pa 
} 
} 
Nos, 
Grundbein oder Wirbelkérper (Unterer paral- 
{ dele eras ‘bel) fice I, Schiidelwir- if 
els, 
Bogenstiicke oder Grundplatten des I, S. W. 2. 
Obere Deckplatten des I. S. Wirbels......-.. 3. 
Untere Deckplatten des I. S. Wirbels ..... 4 
Oberer Sternantheil.. “ 
{ Unterer Sternantheil, } der Halsrippen 
Glieder der Brustflosse ......0.0..202005 
Wirbelkorper des Il. Schadelwirbels 5. 
Bogenstiicke des II. S. Wirbels 6. 
Deckplatten des IT. S. Wirbels co 7. 
Obere Bogenstiicke des I. Zwischenwirbels. 8. 
Riickentheil der Eingeweide-rippe .. 38. 
Sternantheil der Eingeweide-rippe 
Eingeweide-wirbelkorper ......... 4143. 
Auswarts gekehrte Ausstrahlungen des Kopfs- 44. 
eingeweidskelettes. 
Wirbelkorper des ITT. Schiidelwirbels . pate 
Bogenstiicke des IIT. S. Wirbels 10. 
Deckplatten des III. S. Wirbels . i. 
Vordere Abtheilungen d. obern Grundp! Heal 12. 
{ des I. S. W. 
a. Obere Riickenstiicke der I. Zwischenrippe 
6, Unterer Rickentheil der I. Zwischenrippe 23, 
c. Rudiment der I. Schadelrippe 3 
d. Oberer Sternaltheil der I. Zwischenrippe. 
Hintertheil des untern Kopf-gliedmaasses oa 
{ 30. 
| Vordertheil des untern Kopf-gliedmaasses «..{ 33° 
Obere-hintere Kopf-gliedmaasse . 34-37. 
Wirbelkérper des IV, Schiidelwirbels - 13. 
Grundplatten des IIT. Zwischenwirbels 14. 
Deckplatten des IV. S. W. 15. 
Ite. Antlitz-rippenpaar 20. 
2te. Antlitz-rippenpaar .. 21. 
3te. Antlitz-ripperpaar .. 22. 
Schadel-rippenpaar des IIT, S. W. ..-- 23. 
Unterer Sternaltheil der I. Zwischennppe re 
‘ 26. 
27. 
5 16 
. 17. 
: 18. 
Grundplatten des V. Schadelwirbels. . 19. 
Bauchwirbelkérper . 45. 
Unterer Theil der Eingeweiderippe - 46, 47 
Oberer Theil der Eingeweidenippe 48, 49 
CARUS (1828), 
' These are the numbers by which the bones of the 
head are indicated throughout the present ‘Report’ and 
in the subjoined work. 
Fs Hunterian Lectures on Vertebrata, 8vo, 1846. 
. Ubere die Bedeutung der Schiidelknochen, 4to, 1807. 
This vertebra is not formally admitted in the Pro- 
gramm of 1807; but in a subsequent essay (Esquisse 
d'un Systéine de l’Anatomie, de Physiologie, &c., Paris, 
1619), Oken admits this as a vertebra of the face, and 
calls it “vertébre nasale;” and in the ‘ Naturphiloso- 
phie,’ 1843, p. 304, it receives the name above cited, 
* “Toh halte die Zihne fur die Finger.” ({ regard the 
teeth as digits.) Oken, 1. c. p- 14; and those of the pre- 
pay he regards as more particularly representing 
e thumb (/bid. p. 14), and deems it worthy of remark, 
that the thumbless mammals likewise want premaxil- 
lary teeth: not considering, or at that time not know- 
ing, that the thumbless ateles has premaxillary teeth, 
whilst certain bats (Taphozous perforatus, Geoff, for 
example), and seyeral Edentata, have the homologue of 
the pollex but no teeth in the premaxillaries, 
© Cephalogenesis, fol. 1815. 
7 Versuch einer Deutung der Knochen in Kopfe der 
Fische, Isis von Oken, 1818, 
vi Anatome Testudinis Europem, fol, 1819-1821, 
p. 44. 
® Tableau de la Composition de Ja téte osseuse de 
V'Homme et des Animaux, cited by Cuvier (Hist, des 
Poissons, t. i. p. 230) as being the Jast which Geoffroy 
published, and of the date of December 1825. It differs 
in many respects from the “ Tableau" given in the An- 
nales des Sciences Naturelles, t. iii 4 
W Body of cranial vertebra. 
Comp. Anatomy, 8vo, 1835, p. 62. 
41“ The number of distinct osseous pieces in the com- 
position of the skull is greatest in fishes, aud they cor- 
respond nearly with the theory of this part of the skele- 
ton, being composed of seven vertebrie, each consisting, 
as usual, of a body with four elements aboye and four 
elements below. ....- The arches, which hang down 
from the sides of the yertebral column, are more like 
ribs in fishes than in higher classes, as the lower jaw, 
the os hyoides, the scapular arch, and that of the pel- 
vis.’—Grant, doc. cit. pp. 63, 65. It does not appear 
that the scapular any more than the pelvic arch is recog- 
rant, Outlines of 
nised as essentially a part of a cranial vertebra, In the 
Lectures (Lancet, 1833-34), the lower jaw is described 
‘as “the first of these inferior arches”; the hyoid as “the 
second arch."—p.572. And, with regard to the poste- 
rior cranial vertebra, “* the two external and two lateral 
occipitals form the upper arch, and the two opercular 
and two subopercular bones constitute the lower arch. 
—p. 543. This is the view taken hy Geoffroy of the 
posterior (his seventh) cranial vertebra. e 
12 The prefrontals of fishes, being called “lacrymauxy 
are the “ épiaux”” of the second cranial vertebra; whilst 
those of the crocodile form the “épiaux” of the first 
cranial vertebra in the ‘Tableau’ of 1824. J 
18 Philosophie Anatomique, 1818, p. 217, “The 
branchial arches are connected with the os hyoides, 
Lectures, Lancet, 1833-34, p. 573. 
which, by extending backwards behind these arches, pro- 
duces a true thoracic sternum, considering the branchial 
apparatus as analogous to ribs for respiration. *—Grant, 
Tn the ‘ Outlines” 
(p. 65) the branchial arches are stated to be “ the ana- 
Jogues of tracheal rings,”” which is likewise a view pro- 
pounded by Geoffroy. ae 4 
4 The lacrymals of the crocodile (adorbitals) are the 
‘ périnux”” of the third vertebra in the ‘Tableau’ of 
1824. 
1 Urtheile des Knochen- und Schalen-gerustes, fol. 
1828. ie 
16 Carus views the modified centrum of the occipital 
vertebra of the carp as including also the whole hemal 
arch of that vertebra, 
