i Sint 
TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 73 
7. The anomalies characteristic of the western or oceanic climate increase rapidly 
towards its furthest limit. There is a wide difference, in respect of climate, between 
the Isle of Thanet and Limerick or Clare; between Norfolk and Sligo. This is 
clearly expressed by the changed aspect of indigenous vegetation as we go west- 
wards towards the Atlantic. The exact registration of those differences would be 
the means of developing and revealing the natural laws to which the labours of the 
husbandman are unquestionably subject. 
8. Where the constants of climate are fully ascertained, the vigorous growth of 
every kind of plant will be found to be restricted within limits which depend on 
obvious and assignable conditions, and the region suited to the cultivation of any 
plant may be accurately defined. Or we may reverse the process and tell the ca- 
pabilities of any region. 
9. But in the absence of this kind of knowledge, agriculture is necessarily 
founded to a great degree on imitation, without any reference to natural limits. 
Examples, recommended by success, are followed in situations where similar suc- 
cess is unattainable. Owing to the vague, indeterminate, uncollected and unar- 
ranged condition in which the data whereon the agriculturist ought to found his 
calculations at present lie, he must either practice empirically or imitate servilely ; 
and he is constantly misled by examples, from want of the means of divesting them 
of fallacy, by estimating accurately the local element of their character. Through- 
out the British Isles the climate varies far more than the system of agriculture ; yet 
the farmer may reasonably expect to find his labours more profitable the more 
closely his system harmonizes with nature. 
10. The steady progress of scientific agriculture must be preceded by the deter- 
mination of the constants of climate. The discoveries of the chemist may then be 
turned to account by the farmer, when we shall be able to state in a definite and 
authentic manner, the natural conditions of every spot of land in the kingdom. 
11. The time is now come when every country must, with a view to profit, 
strenuously endeavour to confine itself to that kind of cultivation for which nature 
has especially adapted it; otherwise it must be a loser in the general and free com- 
petition. The loss of protection is the loss of an artificial and forced, and there- 
fore, abstractedly speaking, a bad system. If this truth be understood and acted 
on by the farmer, the result will be an increase of production more than counter- 
balancing the supposed loss. 
12. At the same time there has taken place an increase, in an almost miraculous 
degree, of the facilities of internal communication, extremely favourable to that 
more active system of interchange which must be expected to arise whenever agri- 
culturists, quitting the trammels of a uniform routine, learn to take advantage of 
every natural capability throughout the United Kingdom. It is now no longer 
necessary or expedient that the farmer should be guided by the demands of the 
market in his own locality. The east and west can now exchange produce without 
delay or difficulty, and will, no doubt, frequently find their profit in so doing. 
13. In setting forth the demarcations of climate within the British Islands, it 
would be desirable to enumerate at the same time all the useful plants and objects 
of culture, in different parts of the world, which seem capable of flourishing within 
the limits described. This kind of knowledge has a tendency to correct the spirit of 
~ routine and obstinately contracted views which render farmers at times so indocile. 
14. The constants of climate, with all other physico-geographical data, and the 
necessary collateral information carefully and clearly arranged, so as to be easily 
and universally applicable, ought to be published in the cheapest possible form, and 
given to the people. 
On the Georama. By M. GuERin. 
The author, acknowledging the invention of a Georama to be due to M. Langlard, 
in 1825, stated the objects he had in view in attempting to execute this great re- 
presentation of the globe, and the success which he had met with. 
M. Guerin had established in Paris this method of teaching geography, by por- 
traying on alarge scale the actual features of the land and sea, and offered reasons 
in fayour of an effort to introduce the georama, and the system of instruction con- 
nected with it, in London. 
