104 REPORT—1846. 
of education only which prevailed; a means being thus afforded of comparing two 
sections of a community similarly circumstanced in regard to manufactures, in regard 
to agriculture, or in regard to wealth as the case might be, in fact, differing only in 
regard to one important element of the inquiry, namely education; and hence the 
force of that element, if any, should appear. The following is a brief abstract of the 
results arrived at in this manner :— 
Difference per cent. |3, wo 
in crime. gA Ss 
Group. Be 68 
Least Most |g 825 
Education. | Education. |4 = 
—_— Se ———.s | — 
Greatest manufacturing ......ceereerseeeerereca renee davies +48°4 +16°2 32°0 
Greatest agricultural ..........++0++ Shes sgesttscine seareaes ac + 84 + 9 ws 
Manufacturing interest 333 per cent. above the average} -{-23°2 — 72 30°4 
Agricultural interest 50 per cent. above the average ...| 10-4 — 26 130 
Manufacturing and agricultural interests equal ......... +158 — 93 25°1 
Greatest wealth ......... Sete eatedaa ores. cee meaner sk + 92 —29°4 38°6 
Least wealth ,......... Micatn ee ynrane Dene tneuceaSameroeseneces* +113 —13°5 24°8 
In the above, the sign + signifies that the ratio of crime in that particular section 
is above the average for England and Wales; and the figures themselves point out 
the ratio per cent. The sign — is intended to indicate that the amount of crime is 
below the average. ‘The last column gives the difference per cent. in the same di- 
strict, which appears from dividing it into two sections, in the one of which there is 
the least degree of education, and in the other the highest. To the friends of edu- 
cation, the above results must be gratifying; showing, as they do, the immense ad- 
vantages resulting from even the most elementary and mechanical acquirements to- 
wards education. There does not appear a single group in which there is not a 
striking difference in favour of education. In fact, a proper analysis of all the com- 
bined facts show, that following up the simple test here adopted, namely, the quali- 
fication of individuals writing their own names, the mere inability to do that much, 
is sufficient to account for, at Jeast, one-third of the whole amount of crime in England 
and Wales. 
On the Statistics of Sickness and Mortality in the City of York. 
By T. Laycock, M.D. 
A Chart of the Railway lines of England, compared with a Diagram illustrating 
the principle of least mileage, was presented by Mr, Beaumont. 
On the Annual Consumption of Coal and the probable duration of the Coal- 
Fields. By E. R. J. KNowxes. 
The author computed the annual consumption of coal at 38,000,000 tons as an 
average increasing with the population, and classified it under the following heads :— 
Coal for household uses averaging 1°1 ton each person ....... 22,000,000 tons. 
Coal for manufacturing Operations .......-seeecessseceeesseeseeesee 12,500,000 ... 
Coal for foreign exports ..eccsccssesecssessceerencereseresessesecezees 2,500,000 ... 
Total... 37,000,000 tons. 
Allowing for errors two and a half per cent. on above.......... 925,000 ... 
Thus making the total amount annually consumed.............. 37,925,000 tons, 
or nearly 38,000,000 tons for the present population, about 20,000,000. The extent 
of the coal-fields of England were taken at 5200 square miles (including the coal 
under the crop of the magnesian limestone, but not that under the new red sand-. 
stone), allowing an average of 20,000,000 tons to the square mile ; and thence, after 
