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TEMPERATURE AND RAIN IN BENGAL. 253 
the atmosphere and fixing dew-points, although several medical officers kept 
registers of the dry- and wet-bulb thermometers (there not being any hygro- 
meters on Daniell’s plan in use), yet the registers appeared so little satisfac- 
tory, that Dr. Lambe did not think it desirable to include them in the 
analysis. The daily mean temperature was determined by daily observations 
from three to six in number; but as these were made during the day and not 
at all at night, the mean temperature is necessarily higher than the mean of 
the 24 hours would be. Proper precautions were taken against direct radi- 
ated or reflected heat, by the thermometers being placed in the hospitals or in 
the surgeons’ houses, properly shaded and with a northern aspect ; but the 
errors of construction in the instruments do not appear to have been generally 
verified ; they are not to be relied upon therefore for absolute results; but as_ 
the same mode of observation obtains throughout, the different meteorological 
records have a relative value to each other which makes them acceptable. 
The records of the pluviometer are more free from objections than those of the 
other instruments, and they contain some highly interesting results respecting 
the unequal distribution of rain, and in support of the facts adduced by myself 
from Western India, and by Mr. Miller from Cumberland, testifying that the 
rain-fall. becomes a maximum in mountainous districts at a certain height, and 
then diminishes as the height increases. For the reasons previously assigned, 
I shall cireumscribe my observations on temperature within narrow limits ; 
but as the stations are arranged in groups, within certain areas of latitude and 
longitude, some few facts of interest may be selected. For instance, in the 
Calcutta group of 15 stations, within lat. 19° 48’ and 25° 42! N. and long. 
85° 49' and 89° 14' E., Cuttack, in lat. 20° 28’, has a lower mean daily tempe- 
rature in January than Balasore, a degree further N.; but in February this 
is reversed, but reversed again in a marked manner in March, April, May and 
the remaining months until September, when Cuttack becomes hotter than 
-Balasore ; but in October it is reversed again. The maximum daily mean 
temperature in this group is 99° in May at Kishnaghur, lat. 23° 24’, long. 
88° 22' E. The next is the Dacca group of 19 stations between the parallels 
of lat. 20° 8' and 27° 31'N., and long. 90° 17! and 95° 1'E. The same discre- 
pancies are observed here as in the preceding, of the higher latitude having a 
higher mean daily temperature than the lower in some months, witness Buri- 
saul, lat. 22° 35’, temperature in January 66°, while Sylhet, lat. 24° 53/, in 
the same month is 67°:7 Fahr. The highest daily mean temperature in this 
group is 88°°6 at Burisaul in May. The next group of 10 stations is in 
ascending the Ganges from Hazareebaugh, lat. 24° 0', to Darjeeling, lat. 27° 3!, 
at 7000 feet above the sea*; and from Gyah, long. 85° 3’, to Dinagepore, 
long. 88° 41’. The highest daily mean temperature is at Gyah in Behar, lat. 
24° 48!, viz. 96°°9 in May+. The next is the Benares group of 7 stations, 
from Mirzapore, lat. 25° 9, to Goruckpore, lat. 26° 46’, and from long. 82° 6! 
Sultanpore to long. 83° 37! Ghazeepore. The highest mean temperature is 
101° in May at Sultanpore, in a higher latitude than any station of the group 
* Cherrapoonjie and Decca are in the same group, the former at 4500 feet above the sea ; 
the latter is on the Delta of the Brahmaputra. Their difference of latitude is 1° 33’ 35”; 
their difference of mean temperature in May is 19°-1, which would give 235 feet to a degree. 
In October the difference is 13°-7, which gives 329 feet to 1° Fahr. 
T Darjeeling at 7000 feet, and Sarun on the plains differ 174 miles in latitude; the difference 
of mean daily temperature in May is 31°1, giving 225 feet for each degree of temperature ; but 
in December the difference of mean temperatures is only 14%8, giving 473 feet for each 
degree of temperature. Tirhoot and Darjeeling differ 55 miles in lat. The difference of the mean 
temperature in May is 30°, giving 233 feet to 1°; the difference in December is 17%-4, giving 
102 feet to a degree. ; 
