62 REPORT—1852. 
On some Peculiarities of Granite in Certain Points of the Pyrenees. 
By H. Twinine. 
Notice of a Skeleton of Mastodon angustidens found near Montopoli. 
By Dr. VAutini. 
The country of Montopoli is situated on a group of small hills of the pleiocene de- 
posit, which extends north-eastward beyond the Arno, toward the Val di Rievolé, 
and south-eastward connects itself with the meiocene tracts of the Val d’Elsa, Val 
d’Era, &c. The hills consist for the most part of masses of yellow sand, deeply 
excavated by the strong action of water. The sands are often rendered coherent by 
-ealcareous cement, and from point to point diversified by gravels of eocene origin. 
The shells of mollusca lie in different planes, and most plentifully in the lower part of 
the deposit. : 
The bones of the Mastodon were found by Dr. Vallini at the depth of about two 
feet, in the excavation for a drain, and levelling of a small hill in the south-east part 
of the country of Montopoli. In general they were found in the sands simply indu- 
rated, but from place to place in a species of conglomerate of sand and shells cemented 
by carbonate of lime. All were found on the bedding surface of a sandy bed, mostly 
arranged with reference to their anatomical relations, and surrounded by marine 
shells, such as Pecten pleuronectes, Ostrea denticulata, O. lamellosa, Cardita pecti- 
nata, Venus levis, V. islandicozdes. 
The author described minutely the situation of a long chain of dorsal vertebrz in 
their natural order, directed from north-east to south-west, and connected with the 
bones of the pelvis; at the opposite extremity of the vertebral series, a large tusk, and 
near its base the lower -maxill, one still retaining a molar, the other showing the 
alveolar cavity. Great part of the cranium was found lying a short distance to the 
east of the parts already described. To the north-west lay the right femur, and 
other bones of the leg of the same side; and, two metres removed from the western 
extremity of the tusk, the left scapula. 
A minute description of the dimensions of the bones was appended. ‘The tusk was 
in length 2°57 metres; its basal diameter 0°17, at the upper end 0°075. There were 
20 ribs, mostly preserving their connexion to the vertebral column ; the longest 0°88 
long, and 0-035 broad. Antero-posterior length of scapula 0°33; its height 0°47. 
Length of the acromial spine 0°60; its height 0-14. Breadth of the acromial ex- 
tremity 0°26; of the articular cavity 0°14. Length of the ulna 0°60. Diameter of its 
humeral extremity 0°28; of its carpal extremity 0°13. Length of radius 0°58. Length 
of femur 0°87. Breadth from the summit of the articular ball to the trochanter 0°32. 
Diameter of the articular ball 0:14; its height 0°10. Diameter of lower articulating 
extremity 0°28; in the middle 0°14. Length of tibia 0°50. Diameter of its femoral 
extremity 0°20; of its tarsal extremity 0:13. 
On the Geological Structure of Spain. By M. Dr VERNEUIL. 
On the Geology of a Portion of the Himalaya Mountains. By Major 
Vicary of Wexford. Communicated by Sir Roderick I. Murchison. 
A coloured section from the plains in the neighbourhood of Umballa, towards the 
flanks of the Himalaya above Subathoo and near Simla, showed that all the formations, 
from the youngest tertiary of the tract to the crystalline rocks of the chain, are in 
highly dislocated positions, some of the younger deposits appearing to underlie others 
of prior date, probably through the occurrence of powerful faults. Some of the 
younger tertiary beds with pebbles and fossil bones (the Séwalik strata) are inclined 
with the older or nummulitic rocks, and are probably therefore of higher antiquity 
than was supposed. Sir R. I. Murchison passed a warm eulogium on the author, 
Major Vicary, a brave Irish officer, who, in the wars of Scinde and the Punjaub, had 
sometimes, even in face of the enemy, collected materials which had advanced geological 
science, and specially adverted to a most magnificent assemblage of nummulites and 
associated fossils, which were about to be described in a separate work by M. D’Arehiac. 

