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TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 119 
_ 1, The famine of 1846, originating cause of the excessive emigration. 
Number and averages of emigrants for last ten years, and enormous amounts of 
money remitted from North America to Ireland, chiefly to promote emigration. 
Increase of emigration during first four months of 1852. 
Causes of the gradual deterioration in the physical type of the natives of the extreme 
West of Ireland. 
2. Reparative agencies. Educational and industrial progress—a well-defined law 
of land tenure—and improvement of the labouring classes. 
. Advantages of facilitating the sale and transfer of land, proved by aseries of tables 
compiled from the records of the Incumbered Estates Court. 
3. Steady improvement only to be expected from industry and educational pro- 
gress, all classes, however differing in creed or opinion, being bound to each other 
and to the throne by the links of constitutional loyalty and social order. 
On the Connexion of Atmospheric Impurity with Disease. 
By Henry M‘Cormac, M.D. 
— 
On the Statistics of the Province of Nova Scotia. By D. M‘Curtocn. 
On the Sanitary State of Belfast, with Suggestions for its improvement. 
By A. G. Matcorm, M.D. 
In this paper, the sanitary state of Belfast, including its drainage, external venti- 
lation, water supply, street cleansing, construction of small houses, state of its great 
working establishments, public schools, slaughter-houses, burying-grounds, and 
suburbs, is first detailed ; after which statistical-proof is given of the propositions,— 
Ist, that the vital statistics of the town corroborate the sanitary laws already esta- 
blished ; and, 2nd, that the tendency to epidemic visitations and outbreaks and their 
mortality are on the imcrease; and the paper is concluded by a reference to the 
efforts that have been made, the obstacles encountered, and the objects which are re- 
quisite to improve and permanently sustain, when acquired, the public health of the 
town, An Appendix is added, containing several Tables, besides coloured diagrams 
and maps for illustration. ; 
[This paper has been published under the charge of the Belfast Social Inquiry 
Society.] 
On the Productive Industry of Paris. By the late G. R. Portrr, F.RS. 
After a review of the various inquiries which had been from time to time instituted 
with a view to ascertain the extent of production and employment within the city of 
Paris, the writer proceeded to the detail of the most important points ascertained by 
its Chamber of Commerce in an elaborate inyestigation into the effects of the Revo- 
lution of 1848 on the trade of the French capital. The total number of workmen 
_ employed in 1847 was 342,530, which fell, in 1848, to 156,125, being a diminution 
of fifty-four per cent. The chief falling off was in furnishing, where the reduction 
Was seventy-three per cent., and the least was in the preparation of food, which only 
fell off nineteen per cent. The latest value of the productions of Parisian labour in 
1847, was £58,545,134, and in 1848 only £27,100,964. Although the falling off 
of employment in the preparation of food was not great, that in consumption was 
very remarkable. The quantity of flesh meat consumed in Paris in 1847 was 1501bs. per 
head; in 1848 it fell to 873lbs. per head. After affairs settled down again, it rose 
in 1849 to 146lbs. per head, and in 1850 reached 158lbs. per head. The difference 
between 1847 and 1850 is partially to be attributed to the increase of population. 
The statistics on the degree of instruction found among the workmen is very inter- 
esting. Out of the entire number of workmen, 147,311, or eighty-seven per cent., 
could read and write. Out of 86,617 women, 68,219, or seventy-nine.per cent., were 
able to read and write. The rate of weekly wages was given on an average as fol- 
lows :—Tailors, 20s, 2d.; butchers, 19s. 7d.; jewellers, 31s. 9d.; bakers, 19s. 7d, ; 
