62 REPORT—1848, 
On a Galvanometer. By W.S. Warn. 
This was a modified form of an instrument exhibited at Oxford, in which a coil of 
wire conducting the electric current was suspended around the poles of a U-shaped 
permanent magnet. The coil had fixed upon it a small béam to which scales were 
attached: the improvement particularly described consisted in the length of the 
beam being so adjusted that the weights required to counterbalance the deflecting 
force gave the measure of the current in grains, corresponding to the number of 
grains of zinc per hour dissolved in each cell of the battery when a short coil was 
used, and corresponding to sixteen grains balanced by the electromotive force of one 
pair of Grove’s elements when a long coil of fine wire was used. 
On the Electromotive Force, Dynamic Effect and Resistance of various 
Voltaic Combinations. By W.S. Warp. 
Tables were exhibited showing the results of measurements made with the gal- 
vanometer described in the paper previously read to the Section. 
On the Chemical Composition of Gutta Percha. 
By Francis Wuisuaw, C.L. 
GEOLOGY AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 
On Fossil Remains recenily discovered in Bacon Hole, Gower ; also other 
Remains from beneath the bed of the River Tawey. By Spence Bate. 
Tue cave in which the fossil remains were found, to which allusion is chiefly made 
in the following paper, is formed by a fissure or fault in the mountain limestone. It 
is situated on the sea-coast, about 20 feet above high-water mark, on the western 
coast of the headland of Gower, and about nine miles from Swansea. It is upon the 
southern side of the anticlinal axis, which passes through Gower from a little to the 
north of the Worm’s Head, through Cefn Brynn, crosses Caswell Bay, and loses itself 
in the sea at the back of the Mumble Head. The strike of the limestone in which 
the cave is situated is nearly north and south, with the dip to the east. The cave 
narrows rapidly from the mouth, but is 30 feet wide about the centre of the main 
channel, It is 128 feet long, and possesses evidence of having once been a great 
deal more extensive, since the rocks below its mouth are strewn with blocks and 
large masses of breccia, together with broken fragments of stalagmite, which must 
have fallen both from its roof and floor. The floor of the cave, from the extreme 
end where it is divided into two chambers, caused by the fault separating itself into 
two fissures, gradually rises towards the entrance, and in such a manner as to indi- 
cate that the mouth itself was at a time when the cave extended to a greater length 
blocked up, and argues that this could have been the only entrance which the cave 
ever possessed, and that no communication through the roof, as is sometimes found, 
could have existed by which the angular fragments now forming the bone-bed of the 
cave could have existed. Since in the bed of stones no stalagmite is found, and in 
the stalagmite not a single stone has become entangled, we may infer the introduc- 
’ tion of the stones, together with the bones found amongst them, to have been a simul- 
taneous injection, since which natural causes have qttietly put a seal upon them. 
The elevation of the cave exceeds scarcely 12 feet at the highest point of the main 
cavern, where, as in the two inner chambers, it becomes much more lofty. This cave 
seems in itself to afford sufficient evidence that thickness of stalagmité is no proof of 
age, since the greatest thickness of carbonate of lime follows the line of the fissure 
throughout, being greatest where the two faults meet, in which place it attained a 
thickness of 2 feet and more, and required blasting for its removal; it decreases in 
substance gradually on either side and towards the entrance, where it in some places 
