TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 123 
On the Patent Multitubular Pipes and Panergous Joints. 
By Francis Wufsuaw, CLA, M. Inst. CLE. 
Multitubular pipes for insulating the wires of electric telegraphs are made of 
various kinds of clays and pounded pottery, and also of glass; they consist of any 
number of separate ducts formed out of the solid mass of clay; or if of glass, then 
several small tubes are placed within a larger tube, either of glass or pottery, and 
cemented together at the ends by means of plugs, of clay, glass, gutta percha, or other 
_ substance ; the clay is pressed from acylinder by mechanical means, through as many 
_ dies as there are ducts in the required pipe, a metal core being fixed in the centre of 
_ each die. 
The panergous joint consists in forming a sinking or chase on the outside of one 
_ end of the pipe, and on the inside of the other end of the pipe, with two openings, 
one through the top and the other through the bottom of the faucet-pipe, through 
which either marine glue, asphaltum or other cement is placed, so as to form a per- 
fect bond in the shape of a ring between one pipe and another : this renders the joint — 
both air- and water-tight. 
On the Subaqueous Rope for Telegraphic and other purposes. 
By Francis Wuisuaw, C.b., M. Inst. C. £. 
A section of rope was exhibited, consisting of several small tubes of gutta percha 
enclosed within a larger tube of the same material, which latter is braided or served 
with white line of a thickness depending on the required length of the wires to be 
enclosed in the small tubes. 
For hydraulic or pneumatic telegraphs the smaller tubes are dispensed with. 
On the “ Uniformity of Time” and other Telegraphs. 
By Francis Wuisuaw, C.E., M. Inst. CB. 
After describing the various modes of communicating signals by means of the se- 
maphore and by electric telegraphs, Mr. Whishaw described the following of his 
inventions connected with the subject :— 
1st. The Improved Hydraulic Telegraph. 
2nd. The Hydro-Mechanical Telegraph. 
3rd. The Telekoiograph, or Mechanical Telegraph. 
Ath. The “ Uniformity of Time” Telegraph. 
5th. The Telegraphic Code Box. 
' 6th. The Telegraphic Despatch Box; and 
7th. His new system of Two Letter-Cades. 
The improvements in the hydraulic telegraph (1848) consist—Ist, in the substi- 
tution of vertical copper wires attached to floats instead of columns of water, as in 
the original hydraulic telegraph (1838); 2nd, in using three-way-cocks instead of 
two separate cocks for the elevation and depression of the water at the different sta- 
tions ; 3rd, in the adoption of slides, whereby an infinite variety of codes can be used ; 
and 4thly, in the addition of a time-piece. 
_ The Hydro-mechanical Telegraph has the addition of rack, pinion and wheel-work, 
whereby the rectilinear motion is converted into a circular motion, the signals being 
: placed on a dial, which dial is furnished with a hand or hands, which rotate in either 
direction, according to the elevation or depression of the water: moveabie slides 
- complete this arrangement. 
The Telekoiograph, or Mechanical Telegraph, consists of a dial with one,two or more 
hands, moved by wheelwork, which hands point to signals arranged in circles on the 
dial. The action of working the machine is simply that of pulling a bell; the com- 
munication from one instrument to another is by means of wires and cranks; or it 
_ may be effected by different sounds communicated by electricity ; moveable cards, or 
_ thin sheets of metal, forming complete colloquies on different subjects, are introduced 
in front of the dials, so that questions and answers and notices or orders are readily 
transmitted. 
