ON THE ICHTHYOLOGY OF THE SEAS OF CHINA AND JAPAN. 193 
‘Chinese drawings. It is said by ichthyological writers to be an inhabitant 
of all the northern part of the Old World, from the entrance of the Bay of 
Biscay northwards, by the North Cape, along the Arctic shores of Asia and 
down the coasts of Kamtschatka to the sea of Ochotsk, including the Baltic, 
White sea, Gulf of Kara and other inlets*. Other kinds of salmon abound 
in the estuaries of Kamtschatka, and on the opposite coast of America down 
to the Oregon, but none appear to descend to China. 
In the following list Mr. Reeves’s drawings are quoted by their original 
numbers in his portfolio, and also as they are now placed in the volumes 
bequeathed by General Hardwicke to the nation. A few of Mr. Reeves’s 
drawings, which are not in General Hardwicke’s collection, are also quoted. 
When I have seen Chinese examples of any of the species enumerated in the 
list, I have seldom omitted to mention the museum in which they are de- 
posited ; and when nothing is said of specimens, it is to be understood that 
the species is named from the inspection of Mr. Reeves’s drawings, or when 
there is no figure on the authority of the authors quoted. The Chinese 
names are in some cases written from sound and not from senset. The sounds 
in English characters and the translations were furnished to me by Mr. Reeves 
and Mr. Birch, of the British Museum. 
Mr. Reeves informs me that few of the fishes represented in the drawings 
are brought to the tables of foreigners. Soles are almost constantly presented 
at breakfast, and the Sciena lucida generally forms a part of that meal. 
The Leucosoma, or White Bait of the residents, and a Serranus, are regular 
dinner dishes; and the Polynemus called Salmon-fish and the Stromateus or 
Pomfret, when in season. Sturgeon is occasionally seen. The Chinese eat 
all kinds, from a shrimp to a shark ; but Carp, Bream, Siluri, Ophicephali 
and Gobies, are the principal fish seen in the markets of Canton. 
Tn drawing up the list I have received much aid from John Edward Gray, 
Esq., Keeper of the Zoological Department of the British Museum, who 
had commenced a work on the subject; and great facility in consulting the 
books and specimens of that institution. With the same want of reserve the 
Museum of the Cambridge Philosophical Institution was opened to me; and 
I have already mentioned the liberality of the late proprietor of the Chinese 
collection at Hyde Park. 
Sub-classis CARTILAGINEI. 
Ordo Squat. 
Fam. ScyLLiipz. 
ScyLL1um MACULATUM, Gray, Hardw. Illustr. Ind. Zool. t. 98. f.1. Miiller 
und Henle, Plagiostomen, seite 5.taf.; Icon. Reeves, 264; Hardw. Cartil. 38. 
Chinese name, Laou hoo sha, “Tiger shark” (Birch); Zaow hoo sha, 
“ Tiger shark” (Reeves). 
The British Museum possesses a Chinese specimen presented by General Hardwicke. Mr. 
Reeves's figure measures 2 feet 4 inches, and is the portrait of an individual which was 
3 feet long. 
Hab. China sea. Indian ocean. Canton. 
* Professor Nilsson mentions that salmon inhabit the freshwater lakes of Sweden named 
Wenern and Siljan during the winter and spring, and then ascend the rivers to spawn, re- 
turning to the lakes again to recruit, as salmon of other rivers do to the sea. The same 
habit has been ascribed to the salmon of Lake Ontario. 
_ + That is, when the proper character is a complex one, the writer will substitute one of 
the same sound but of a more simple form, hence the apparent want of meaning of some of 
the English translations. See note, p. 200. 
1845. si 
