— 
ON THE ICHTHYOLOGY OF THE SEAS OF CHINA AND JAPAN. 925 
Oro.itHus ArcENTEUs, Kuhl et Van Hasselt, apud C. et V. v. p. 62? 
Icon. Reeves, 200; Hardw. Acanth. 133. Rad. D. 10|-1|28; A. 2|7; 
P.17; V.1|5. (Chin. Spec. Cam. Ph. Inst.). 
In the absence of specimens or figures of the Batavian O. argenteus, the Chinese fish can be 
referred to the same species only with doubt. An example of the Chinese fish was presented 
to the Cambridge Philosophical Institution by the Rev. George Vachell. 
An outer row of short, equal subulate teeth, moderately widely set, arm both jaws, and 
within the upper ones there is a narrow microscopical villiform band, but none such are per- 
ceptible on the lower jaw. A long, curved, and not stout canine stands on each side of the 
symphysis of each jaw, the upper ones being widely apart, so as to receive the inferior pair be- 
tween them. The lower jaw is slightly longer than the snout. Curve of the lateral line 
completed opposite to the anus and middle of the second dorsal. The bony operculum is 
traversed by two fine ribs whose ends project slightly, the notch between them being inconspi- 
cuous. ‘The second anal spine is slender, weak, and only half the length of the soft rays; 
the first one is a mere point. Length of specimen, 6°55 inches; length of head, 1°55 inch; 
length from snout to anus, 3°55 inches; from snout to caudal, 5:50’ inches; height of body, 
1:25 inch. 
Hab. Canton. Straits of Malacca? (Major Farquhaf), Javan sea? (K. et V. H.) 
OToLITHUS TRIDENTIFER, Richardson. Icon. Reeves, 3.54; Hardw. Acanth. 
132. Chinese name, San ya (Birch); San nga (Reeves), “ Three-teeth;” 
Sém ngd (Bridgem. Chrest. 142). Rad. D. 10|-1|27; A. 2/6; P.15; 
V.1|5. (Spec. Br. Mus.) 
Two strong curved canines above and one below near the symphysis, with an equal row of 
lateral subulate teeth on both jaws, more closely set in the lower one. By aid of a lens, a 
narrow band of villiform teeth can be detected within the others above; and beneath there are 
a few intermixed with the principal ones. Some striz are visible on the end of the maxillary ; 
and there are depressions on the lower jaw, but no pores could be detected. The- preoper- 
culum is armed feebly by small acute teeth, and the bony operculum shows two narrow points 
separated from each other by a fissure. The fish is pale and silvery, with a light bluish gray 
tint along the back. The lower half of the caudal, front of the anal, ventrals, and the pectorals 
are gall-stone yellow. The rest of the fins are pale and spotless, the upper half of the caudal 
alone being deeper and approaching to blackish-gray. 
Hab. Chinaseas. Canton. 
Corvina GrypoTa, Richardson. Icon. Reeves, 3. 12; Hardw. Acanth. 
Chinese name, Hwo tow (Reeves, Birch); Wak tau (Bridgem. Chrest. 127). 
Rad. D. 10|-1|29; A. 2/7 vel 8; C.182; P.18; V.1|5. (Spec. Hasl. Mus.) 
Most of the collections of Chinese fish that we have examined contain examples of a Corvina, 
which with the general aspect of C. coitor of Buchanan Hamilton (pl. 27. f. 24), has a 
straighter profile and a shorter and blunter snout that curves downwards from the nostrils, 
much like that of Umbrina vulgaris; it seenfs to be allied to Sciena lucida. Upperjaw armed 
by a concave densely villiform plate of teeth with a stronger subulate outer row, brownish at the 
tips, which are even ; on the lower jaw the villiform plate is boldly convex. Minute pores exist 
on the snout, and there are five large’pores at the end of the lower jaw. ‘The scaly preorbitar 
receives beneath its edge, the entire maxillary and all the intermaxillary except the dental 
margin. A deep recess exists on the outside of the maxillary pedicles, and a little triangular 
point of the preorbitar lip hangs over it. The limbs of the lower jaw are scaly, and thin bony 
ridges of the suborbitar chain cross the scaly cheek. The preoperculum is bounded towards 
the cheek by a smooth bony edge; its posterior edge is free and is widely set with slender 
subulate teeth, the most distinct ones being the tips of ribs which cross the disc of the bone. 
Interoperculum entire, mostly concealed beneath the preoperculum ; suboperculum also entire, 
rather narrow. Two low even diverging ribs cross the operculum and end in points which are 
scarcely pungent, and the edge of bone between them is nearly even. Lateral line formed by 
a series of simple tubes, boldly arched anteriorly, and becoming straight in the tail by a gra- 
dual sweep ending opposite the beginning of the anal. Scales tender, nacry, and very deci- 
duous. Second anal spine not strong, a little shorter than the soft rays. Caudal subrhomboidal. 
Ventrals with a short filamentous tip. Colour mostly silvery, with some yellow tints on fore 
part of anal, ventrals, and pectorals. Length about 7 inches. 
‘Hab. Canton. 
Corvina sin, C. et V. v. p. 122; Temm. et Schl. F. J. p. 58. pl. 24. f. 2; 
Icon. Reeves, 94; Hardw. Acanth., 130. Chinese name, Hwang Hwi, 
1845. Q 
