3 ON THE ICHTHYOLOGY OF THE SEAS OF CHINA AND JAPAN. 289: 
‘in the facial line not being so suddenly depressed at its union with the nape, which is never- 
theless gibbous. The height of the body is equal to a third of the total length, of which the 
head forms one-fourth ; excluding the caudal, the head is equal to a third of the length; the 
‘thickness amounts to nearly half the height. The barbel which issues from near the middle 
of the maxillary is very small; that which springs from near its tip is moderately large. The 
‘straight or very slightly decurved lateral line is traced on thirty-three scales, and there are 
ten rows of scales in the height of the body. Their discs are obscurely radiated and roughish. 
No streaks appear on the gill-cover. The dorsal commences some way before the ventrals 
and over the posterior third of the pectorals; its third soft ray stands above the front of the 
ventrals. Its large spine and that of the anal are strongly serrated, and the last soft ray of the 
two fins is divided to the base. 
The general hue of this fish is fully darker than any other one of Mr. Reeves’s drawings of 
the genus, the bases and edges of the scales being blackish-green passing into greenish-black, 
| with bronze discs above the lateral line, the light and dark parts being arranged so as to 
produce lines corresponding in number with the rows of the scales. The dark bases are con- 
tinued over the belly, but restricted in size; and the discs of the scales below the lateral line 
are pale olive-green with very slightly deeper coloured edges. Some crimson and lake tints 
exist on the belly and under surface of the tail. The top of the head is blackish-green, the 
cheeks and opercula are rich, dark auricula-purple, bordered by brilliant bronze. Under 
parts of the head and throat buff-orange. Dorsal ash-gray with a yellowish-gray base. The 
ventrals and anal are pale with rosaceous tips; the pectorals show faint yellow, purple and 
red tints, and the dark clove-brown caudal has the ends of the lobes hyacinth-red. Lengths 
of the specimens 6 and 8% inches: of the figure 103 inches. 
Hab. Canton. 
Cyprinus HysiscorpEs, Richardson. Icon. Reeves, 156; Hardw. Malac. 3. 
Chinese name, Foo yung le (Birch) ; Foo yang le, “ Hibiscus-flower carp ” 
(Reeves); Fu yung h (Bridgem. Chrest. 12). Length of figure 12-2 
inches, 
This has much the form of viridi-violaceus, but is more elegantly shaped at the nape, which 
is not so gibbous. The barbels are longer and the fins are all very tall, seemingly the effect 
of monstrous growth. A small specimen apparently of this species, but with a triple caudal, 
was brought from China by Captain Dawkins. Only one spine, the tall serrated one, is re- 
presented by the artist in the dorsal and anal, whose rays are D1[19; A. 1|6 or 7. The colour 
' of the back down to the straight lateral line is the same as in viridi-violaceus, but the purple 
tints are replaced on the side of the head by a shining bronze colour. The sides and belly 
are silvery, with a greenish-gray shade at the bases of the scales. Dorsal and caudal brownish- 
red, fading to purplish-red towards the edges; anal and pectorals blood-red, the spine of the 
former and rays of the latter being light purplish-gray. Anterior half of the ventrals blackish- 
purple, the posterior half peach-blossom red. 
Hat. Canton. 
Cyprinus acuminaTus, Richardson. Icon. Reeves, 125; Hardw. Malac. 2. 
Chinese name, Shang hae li, “‘ Shang hae 1a fish,” or the “‘ Shang hati wax- 
fish” (Birch) ; “ Superior sea-carp” (Reeves); Sheung hoi lap (Bridgem. 
Chrest.17). Length of drawing 93 inches. 
This species has an elevated back, shaped in profile like the roof of a house, with the sum- 
mit at the commencement of the dorsal, which is over the posterior third of the small pectoral 
‘and some way before the ventrals. The posterior slope of the back is the more gradual one, 
and is entirely occupied by the dorsal. The belly is horizontal, with a short upward slope to 
‘the tail which is occupied by the anal. Head small, forming one-fifth of the length of the fish, 
while the height of the body equals a third of the same length. The nostrils want the valve or 
erect lip shown in the drawings of the preceding species, and there is a deep groove across the 
snout a short way before them, and on a line with the front of the preorbitar. The tip of the 
snout is tumid, though not large. The barbels are small, particularly the upper pair. The 
rays shown in the drawing are D. 2|19; A. 2|5. The spines are strong and coarsely serrated, 
_ particularly the anal one. 
Top of the head and bases of the scales of the back oil-green. More and more of the discs 
_ of the scales become silvery as they approach the lateral line; and they are wholly so lower 
‘down, except that a very pale wax-yellow colour marks their bases on the belly. The cheek 
_ is bluish-gray ; the fins are all more or less tinged with aurora-red, with pale borders. The 
Ted is deepest on the caudal, but that fin also has a broad colourless border at the end. The 
lips are reddish, and the eye, which is large, has a red iris. 
~~ Hab. Canton. 
—-: 1845. U 
