ira 
ON THE ICHTHYOLOGY OF THE SEAS OF CHINA AND JAPAN, 291 
‘Mr. M‘Clelland’s character of his genus Cyprinus both indicate that it does 
not possess these appendages ; and no serratures are shown on the dorsal cr 
anal spines. 
Cyprinus? rossicoLa, Gray (Mursa), Cat. Br. Mus. Icon. Reeves, a. 40; 
_Hardw. Malac. 11. Chinese name, Hang le, “Ditch carp” (Birch) ; 
Kang he, “ Ditch carp” (Reeves). Length of figure 8 inches. 
This fish has two moderate-sized barbels issuing from behind the middle of the lip and none 
from the corner of the mouth, and on that account I should have placed it in the genus Ro- 
hita of M. Valenciennes, which had previously received the appellation of Nandina from Mr. 
Gray, both authors deriving their generic name from one of Buchanan Hamilton’s species. 
Mr. Reeves’s drawing, however, does not indicate that development of the upper lip, nor 
the fringes that characterise Rohita; and it is probably on this account that Mr. Gray, in the 
analysis that he had commenced of these drawings, bestowed on this one another generic 
epithet as above quoted. In the uncertainty which exists respecting the true characters of 
this species, I have preferred noticing it under the general appellation of Cyprinus. In the 
extent of the dorsal it resembles the Cyprinus nandina of Buchanan Hamilton, or the 
Cirrhinus macronotus of M‘Clelland, but it differs much from that fish in its profile. The back 
forms a very flat elliptical curve, and there is a considerable gibbous descent at the shoulder 
to meet the facial line, which would be a straight slope, were it not that a slight rising 
of the thin snout gives it a small degree of concavity. The mouth is terminal, and the lower 
jaw is very little shorter than the upper one. The head is exactly a fourth of the length of 
the fish, and the height of the body somewhat exceeds a third of the length. The eye is 
rather small, and is equidistant from the mouth and gill-opening. The nostrils are not drawn 
with an elevated border. The lateral line is considerably decurved, descending over the ven- 
trals below the middle height, but running through the middle of the tail. It is traced on 
only twenty-five scales. A few short streaks radiate from the anterior superior corner of the 
operculum. The dorsal, which is highest anteriorly and has a straight edge, begins before 
the ventrals, over the last fifth of the pectorals, and approaches almost as near to the cau- 
dal as the anal does. Its first two rays are drawn as stout and spinous, standing up stiffly, 
from the others: they are not denticulated. The anterior anal rays are nearly similar, The 
numbers shown by the artist are D. 2|20; A. 2|5, &c. The scales are mostly silvery, with a 
pale mountain-green tint towards the base ofeach. This tint covers more of the disc towards 
the back, and most of the upper scales are also edged with the same. There is a crimson tint 
on the top of the head, and a faint blush of the same runs along the side above the lateral 
line. The lips are carmine, and the pectorals, anal and caudal, are carmine at the base, 
mixed with buff towards their borders, the extreme edge of the caudal being mountain-greén. 
The dorsal is celandine-green with carmine rays, and the ventrals bluish-gray, also with car- 
mine rays. 
Hab, Canton. 
(Cyprini non cirrhati :—Cyprinopsis, Fitzinger ; Carassius, Nilsson.) 
CypRINUS LINEATUS, C. et V. xvi. p. 96. 
Hab. Macao. 
Cyprinus CARAssSIOIDES, Gray, Cat. Br. Mus. Icon. Reeves, 126; Hardw. 
Malac. 12. Chinese name, Keith yu, “ Shoe fish” (Reeves, Birch); Aik u 
(Bridgem. Chrest.21). Length of figure 9 inches. 
This drawing represents a fish having nearly the same profile with C. acuminatus, being 
merely a little higher and wanting the transverse furrow on the snout as well as the barbels. 
The dorsal, which is high in front with an even edge, begins over the middle of the ventrals 
and terminates opposite to the middle of the anal. The anal spine is thick and as long as 
the soft rays; the dorsal one is shorter ; both are serrated: The numbers shown are D. 2]185 
A. 2|5, &c. Lateral line straight and traced on twenty-eight scales. No streaks on the oper- 
culum. The scules are brightly silvery, shaded gradually from their bases with greenish-gray 
above the lateral line, and with faint sulphur-yellow lower on the sides and belly. The edges 
of the opercular pieces and of the humeral chain are also sulphur-yellow. The fins have ash- 
gray edges, and are tinged with aurora-red towards their bases. The dorsal has a soiled hya-. 
' cinth-red bar along its base, and another more distinct along its middle. The eye-brow. is 
| flax-flower blue. 
Hab. Canton. 
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