ON THE ICHTHYOLOGY OF THE SEAS OF CHINA AND JAPAN, 807 
jaw to the end of the anal. The short trunk of the tail behind this fin is slender, and the 
‘caudal is forked like the tail of a swallow with long tapering lobes, the lower one being con- 
siderably the longest. ‘The dorsal terminates just over the anus, and the belly is most pro- 
Minent opposite toit. The intermaxillaries aregshort, lie transversely at the end of the snout, 
and are armed-with a single row of very short subulate teeth. The maxillary has a broad 
disc, whose width exceeds half its length, and whose end reaches to the articulation of the 
lower jaw. It is shaped like the valve of a wide Pinna, and its fore shoulder only enters into 
the composition of the orifice of the mouth. Its under edge, which lies on the limb of the 
lower jaw, is toothed. The point of the lower jaw projects beyond the intermaxillaries. Eye 
large, near the profile. About fifty scales enter into a row extending from the gill-opening 
to the caudal, and there are fourteen rows in the height. The belly is strongly serrated by 
fourteen teeth before the ventrals and thirteen behind them. The anal is long and low. 
The scales are very silvery and are tinged on the back by brownish purple-red, and lower 
down by a very pale cream colour. The jaws are siskin-green; there is a purple blotch on 
' the under part of the preorbitar and a greenish-gray one over the eye. Fins cream-yellow, 
the vertical ones having also blackish-gray borders. Seven branchial rays are shown in the 
figure. Their number cannot be made out in the specimen*. 
Hab. Chinese sea. 
Icon. Reeves, 67; Hardw. Malac. 240, is a smaller drawing than the figure of abnormis, 
but exhibits no other difference in form than a slightly shorter and less pointed pectoral. The 
back is shaded with pale leek-green instead of brown, and the purplish tints of the head are 
more extended, but the prevalence of the silvery lustre is so great that there is no striking 
difference in the colours of the drawings. Length of the figure 14 inches. Number 241 in 
Hardwicke’s ‘Malacopterygii’ is a drawing of a species captured at Penang, which has a higher 
shoulder and smaller ventrals than abnormis, but otherwise much resembles it. 
CuHAToessus AQquosus, Richardson. Jcon. Reeves, 63; Hardw. Malac. 230. 
Chinese name, Shwuy hwa, “Slipping in the water” (Birch); Shwuy 
hwii, “ Watery bone” (Reeves); Shui wat (Bridgem. Chrest. 89). Fad. 
D.18; A.23; C.195; P.15; V.8. (Spec. Br. Mus.) Length 7 inches. 
Mr. Reeves has deposited in the British Museum a dried specimen of this fish numbered 
in accordance with his figure. Its form is symmetrical, the curve of the back corresponding 
with that of the belly. The height of the body is greatest in front of the dorsal and ven- 
trals, which are opposite to each other, and is contained thrice and three-quarters in the total 
length. The upper jaw projects beyond the lower one, and the intermaxillaries form two- 
thirds of the upper lip. The maxillaries are oblong, but taper towards their articulating ends. 
They reach backwards as far as the anterior third of the eye: the articulation of the lower 
jaw is under the posterior third. The eye has an elliptical iris, placed vertically like that of 
a feline animal. There are forty-six scales in a longitudinal row, exclusive of three or four 
smaller ones on the base of the caudal, and thirteen or fourteen rows in the height of the body. 
The keeled belly is armed by thirteen spinous teeth behind the ventrals, and by about fifteen 
before them; but the latter are nearly obsolete. The ventrals are rather before the middle 
of the length, caudal excluded. The upper parts are leek-green with silvery edges to the 
scales, and the lower parts silvery and pearl-gray, with a crimson blush. Caudal and anal 
oil-green. Dorsal and ventrals pale oil-green, the former tipped with carmine. Pectorals 
yellow. There are some blue and carmine tints on the head. 
This fish approaches the Cl. nasus, Bl. 429, f. 1, in form, but does not agree exactly either 
_ with that figure or the Kome of Russell, 196, and there is a difference in the numbers of the 
fin-rays. 
Hab, Chinese sea. 
‘Cuartorssus TR1zA, Linn. Amen. Acad. Chinens. Lagerstr. No. 30, An.1754 
(Clupea). Icon. Reeves, 224; Hardw. Malac. 232. Chinese name, 
Yen yaou lin, “ Silver-waisted scale” (Birch); Yen yaou lin, “ Silver- 
scaled waist” (Reeves). Length of the figure 9} inches. 
Mr. Reeves observes that the nose of this fish, when recent, was as transparent as glass, 
and that he suspects some mistake in the characters of the Chinese name. It is not easy to 
‘identify one among several species closely resembling each other with the short account given 
‘of triza in the ‘Ameen. Acad.,’ but this figure corresponds most nearly with the characters 
‘enumerated by Linneus. The C. thrissa of Osbeck has more rays in the dorsal. In form 
‘triza approaches the Cl. thrissa of Bloch, 404, but the back is more arched and the anal 
LA} * Russell enumerates six in his species, ; 
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