TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 



fowr deep. The excess of females in Great Britain was 512,361, or as many as 

 would have filled the Crystal Palace 5 times over. The proportion between the 

 sexes was 100 males to 105 females, — a remarkable fact, when it was considered 

 that the births during the last 13 years had given the reversed proportion of 105 

 hoys to 100 girls. The annexed statement exhibits the population of Great Britain 

 at each census from 1801 to 1851 inclusive : — 



The increase of population, in the last half-century, was upwards of 10,000,000, 

 and nearly equalled the increase in all preceding ages, notwithstanding that millions 

 had emigrated in the interval. The increase still continued, but the rate of increase 

 had declined, chiefly from accelerated emigration. At the rate of increase prevailing 

 from 1801 to 1851, the population would double itself in 52^ years. The relation 

 of population to mean lifetime and to interval between generations was then dis- 

 cussed. The efiFects of fertile marriages and of early marriages, respectively, were 

 stated ; also the result of a change in the social condition of unmarried women ; 

 likewise, the effect of migration and emigration, respectively, on population ; the 

 effect of an abundance of the necessaries of life was indicated, and, on the contrary, 

 the result of famines, pestilences, and public calamities. The terms "family" and 

 "occupier" were defined, and some remarks, by Dr. Carus, on English dwellings, 

 were cited. The English (says the Doctor) divide their edifices perpendicularly in 

 houses, while on the Continent and in many parts of Scotland the edifices are 

 divided horizontally into floors. The definition of a " house," adopted for the pur- 

 poses of the census, was " isolated dwellings, or dwellings separated by party walls." 

 The following table gives the number of houses in Great Britain in 1851 : — 



About 4 per cent, of the houses in Great Britain were unoccupied in 1851, and to 

 every 131 houses, inhabited or uninhabited, there was one in course of erection. In 

 England and Wales the number of persons to a house was 5*5 ; in Scotland 7*8, or 

 about the same as in London ; in Edinburgh and Glasgow the numbers were re- 

 spectively 20-6 and 27*5. Subjoined is a statement of the number of inhabited 

 houses and families in Great Britain at each census, from 1801 to 1851, — also of 

 persons to a house, excluding the islands in the British seas : — 



The number of inhabited houses had nearly doubled in the last half-century, and 

 upwards of two million new families had been founded. 67,609 families, taken at 



7* 



