CARDIADjE. — COCKLE. 33 



Hanover Bay. "It covered nearly half an acre of 

 ground, and in some places was ten feet high ; it was 

 situated over a bed of cockles, and was evidently formed 

 from the remains of native feasts, as their fire-places 

 and the last small heaps of shells were visible on the 

 summit of the hill." A similar mound noticed near 

 Port Essington, of shells rudely heaped together, is 

 supposed to be a burying-place of the Indians. 



At Wigwam Cave, Tierra del Fuego, piles of old 

 shells, often amounting to some tons in weight, were 

 noticed by Dr. Darwin, which had at different periods 

 formed the chief food of the inhabitants.* 



These remind us of the so-called kjokkenmoddings 

 (kitchen heaps) of Denmark, or shell mounds, to which 

 the attention of archaeologists has been recently at- 

 tracted in Northern Europe, and which consist of thou- 

 sands of shells of the oyster, cockle, and other edible 

 mollusks, with implements of stone, such as flint knives, 

 hatchets, etc., and implements of bone, wood, and horn, 

 with fragments of coarse pottery mixed with charcoal 

 and cinders. f 



Quite recently, one of these kjokkenmoddings has been 

 discovered at Newhaven, in Sussex, and among the ob- 

 jects found were limpet and other shells, with bones of 

 animals. J 



In 1863, Sir John Lubbock published in the ' Natural 

 History Review ' an account he had received from the 

 Rev. G. Gordon, of Scotch kjokkenmoddings on the 

 Elginshire coast, resembling those in Denmark. Mr. 

 Gordon says : — " By far the most striking if not the 



* Darwin, ' Voyage of Adventure and Beagle,' vol. iii. p. 234. 

 t Sir Charles LyelPs ' Antiquity of Man.' 

 J ' Intellectual Observer,' vol. vii. p. 233. 



D 



