142 Dopce: METHODS OF CULTURE OF ASCOBOLACEAE 
branch arising near the first and similar to it, takes part in the for- 
mation of what he considered a compound or double ascocarp. 
Claussen (1905) has shown that this second branch is the stalk 
of a compound antheridium. 
Borzi (1878) found a “‘scolecite” present in the young asco- 
carps of Lasiobolus equinus (Ascophanus pees) Ascobolus im- 
mersus, and Rhyparobius sp. The mature ‘‘scolecite” of Lasio- 
bolus equinus consists of eight or ten cells which are differentiated 
into three distinct regions. The first eight cells form the stalk, 
which is usually bent a little to one side. The central portion con- 
sists of one large spherical cell borne on this stalk. The third 
region is merely a small projecting cell topping the ascogenous cell. 
The “‘pollinodium” is a filamentous hypha which grows up along 
the stalk of the ‘‘scolecite” and branches two or three times as it 
reaches the terminal portion, the branches coiling tightly about 
the end cell. Borzi considered the “ pollinodia” to be concerned 
with a process of fertilization and at this time believed sexual 
reproduction was common among the Ascomycetes. He further 
finds that L. equinus produces two kinds of asexual spores. The 
first kind is borne on slender, erect, septate stalks. They are thick- 
walled brownish resting spores which he calls chlamydospores. 
The second kind appears to be borne on rather thick brushlike 
branches of erect hyphae. The spores are pinched off from the 
tips of these branches as small hyaline conidium-like “ spermatia.” 
In Ascobolus immersus the eight-celled stalk bears a large spherical 
cell, which is also capped by. a small projecting cell. He finds 
two or three large cells in the young ascocarps of Rhyparobius 
sp. These cells are only the remains of the ‘‘scolecite.” He 
figures the asci as arising directly out of the larger cell. 
Zukal (1889) cultivated A. immersus by a series of transfers 0? 
sterilized dung, making the final transfers to a dung decoction 
where he was able to observe the various stages of growth under 
the microscope. He found two kinds of asexual spores with heavy 
brown walls. Branches composed of five or six cells arise from 
the older mycelial hyphae; the end cell rounds up and become? 
surrounded with a thick brown membrane. If the end cell be 
comes divided by a longitudinal wall in addition to two or three 2 
transverse walls, a spore similar to those produced in Stemphyhum : 
