380 BROADHURST: STRUTHIOPTERIS IN NORTH AMERICA 
stipes 4-50 cm. long, clustered, somewhat angulate, the color 
varying from black and reddish black to dark violet, shining where 
naked, the younger, at least, having scales which are seemingly 
viscid and which dry as straight or hooked projections (appressed 
in one large specimen); lamina 13-44 cm. long, 7-25 cm. wide, 
abruptly reduced at the base (type A, without vestigial pinnae), 
gradually reduced at the apex, the rachis soon becoming naked 
and shining; pinnae 12-50-jugate, oblong and lanceolate to nar- 
rowly oblong, often opposite below, 4-10 cm. long, 8-16 mm. 
wide, the apex acute,* obtuse or only apparently so in the thicker 
forms with rolled pinnae, the bases subcordate to cordate or 
unequally cordate, but 1-4 of the upper pinnae adnate, the rest 
free, and the lower petioled; margins usually ~evolute,t the pinnae 
themselves rolled in the heavier forms; leaf tissue coriaceous in the 
smaller forms, membranous to rigid-herbaceous in the larger ones, 
costae more or less scaly, under surface smooth ;{ veins raised below, 
sunken above in the coriaceous plants, the vein spaces 14-16 tol 
cm. Sporophyls 40-85 cm. long, but taller than the sterile in all 
complete specimens seen; lamina 20-37 cm. long; pinnae 11-25 
jugate, 4-5 mm. wide, the apex obtuse or with a sterile tp 37 
mm. long, the bases cordate, the lower pinnae distinctly petioled 
with spurlike protuberances;§ the margins of the very dark an 
heavy pinnae often with whitish spots corresponding to the vein 
apices; sporangia very dark brown; indusium irregularly lacerate. 
* Fée says ‘“‘tunc obtusiusculis, tunc acuminatis.” Only the smaller specimens 
seen show the blunt tips. 
+ Irregularly so and serrate in a young, membranous plant from 
Lloyd 315. 
t Slightly araneous below in Duss 3710. 
§ All the fertile fronds of S. violacea bear curious spurlike protuber 
the axils of most of the lower pinnae. They are plainly discernible to _ 
and usually. 2-5 mm. long. milar spurs are found with some of the dati ee 
in a few of the petioled species: S. vivipara, S. Christii (very small), S. chiriquan? 
(apparently brittle and deciduous), S. Schiedeana (few, but interesting in nc sae 
with the twin pinnae seen in one specimen), S. striata (in the pecu iar volcanic _ 
men from St. Vincent only, and as flattish glandular areas), and in S. Un Zane 
Fertile fronds of S. danaeacea and S. varians were not accessible after this ee 
was noted. It does not occur in any of the non-petioled species. (It is hate! go 
fertile lamina of U. S. National Herbarium no. 575235, but there are wee of 
te: 4 oe ee Wee | rs *y “ : f 
oe ag 3 rather 
Dominica, 
ances in or near 
naked eye 
large, and distinct black glossy gland exactly resembling except in 
mon scale insect. Were it more constant,” he adds, “I would conside : 
species.’’ No other reference to similar growths on the rachis, either fertil 
Sais tuk ce 1; tl wires 1 Panama plant included in S. chiriquana 
occasional, elongated, glandular areas on the sterile rachis. 
shows 
