THE TURNSTONE. 307 
Wood Sandpiper (Zodtanus glareola), the Green Sandpiper ( Zotanus 
ochropus), the Common Sandpiper (Zotanus hypoleuca). ‘The last 
mentioned is the smallest, and also the most prized. 
The Turnstones (Czzclus) inhabit the sea-coasts of both conti- 
nents. A single known species alone has been traced over most parts 
of Europe, the Cape of Good Hope, and various parts of Asia, 
Australia, and North America. It owes its name to the peculiar 
method it adopts to find its food. This habit consists of lifting up 
the pebbles and shingles which lie spread over its domain, the sea- 
+ AR SS UE 
SHS} SS 
pee 
AN Ai “ Seis WY 
lic THay *2! : 
eS 
Fig, 120,—Turnstone. 
shore, in order to discover the worms, crustacea, and insects con- 
cealed underneath. For this purpose it is provided with a bill of 
medium length, tapering, pointed, and hard, which it uses adroitly as 
a lever. It lives a solitary life, and does not even congregate with 
its own species for the purpose of migration. Only in the North, 
whither it repairs to breed, does it manifest any approach to socia- 
bility. The female lays three or four rather large eggs of an ashy- 
grey colour; these are deposited in the bottom of a hole dug in the 
sand on the shore. The young are very precocious, for on leaving 
the shell they run about with their parents to seek their sustenance. 
The only species of this genus (Czclus interpres, Fig. 120) is a 
