THE PTARMIGANS. 373 
The Ruffed Grouse (Zetrao umbellus) is also an American bird, 
but differs essentially from the last mentioned in size, habits, and 
selection of food. ‘The hill-sides, densely covered with evergreens 
or birch, are its favourite retreats; on the wing it is remarkable for 
its swiftness. Although not migratory, it is very erratic. 
The Hazel Grouse (Bonasia europea, Fig. 149) inhabits the same 
description of country, and has habits very similar to the last 
mentioned. Like them, it is suspicious and timid, and hides itself 
among the thick foliage of the green trees at the least appearance of 
danger. This bird flies awkwardly, but runs very swiftly. Its flesh, 
Fig. 148.—Black Grouse. 
which is both delicate and savoury, brings a high price in the market. 
It is not uncommon in France, being frequently met with in the 
departments of Vosges and Ardennes. It is about the size of a 
Partridge, and the prevailing colour of its plumage is a reddish brown 
mixed with white, or variegated with grey and brown: the male has 
a large black patch under the throat. 
The Ptarmigans have feet much like those of a Hare, and thence 
is derived the name Zagofus, which signifies “ hare-foot ” (Aayds, hare ; 
movs, odds, foot). These birds not only have their tarsi covered with 
feathers, but also their toes and the soles of their feet. 
The icy regions of both hemispheres, and the summits of lofty 
mountains, are their habitat. The snow is their favourite resting- 
