220 



America and Europe, as Ili/alinci nitlda, Vallonici pu^c/ie'/a or Tachea 

 hortensls, forai a calcai'eons epiphragm before hibernation, but I have 

 observed a similar structure in Aglaia fidelis from Britisli Cohimbia. 



Pupa ■pentodoa, Say. — In moss and around the I'oots of ferns and 

 grasses this iittle shell may be found here rather abundant. I once 

 took a large number in company with other pupas and many of the 

 smaller helices, in tne lavine at Upper Chelsea below the ruins of the 

 oh;l mill. It is smaller than any pui^a found here, being only two mm, 

 in length bygone in diameter. The name pentodon is somewhat mis- 

 leading, inasmuch as the shell has very frequently as many as nine 

 teeth, tbough^only five are prominent. 



J'apa arnufera, Say. — Although now added to our list for the first 

 time, this species does not a})pear to be rare. My first specimens were 

 taken in JulyjMSS^, near the Hull abutment of the Pacific Railway 

 bridge over the Ottawa. Previously, however, on the 6th October, 18!:;2, 

 five specimens had been found by Mr. Harrington on the clifis above 

 the Queen's Wharf ia this city. It seems to manifest a yu'eference for 

 rocky situations, it is the largest pupa found hei-e. If tht; measure- 

 ments — 4| by 2f mm. — given by Binney and Bland in their mono- 

 graph and repeated in Gould's Invetebrates of Massachusetts, are cor- 

 rect, this species does not here attain the size it i-eaches in the United 

 States. t Of the eighteen or twenty specimens taken at Hull the hn^gest 

 is only 4 mm. in length and the majority are only 3G mm. The dis- 

 parity is still greater in diameter, which in our shells is not more in 

 any case than 2 mm. 



Fap'i. coiitracta. Say. — This is our commonest species. It occurs 

 in moist situa'ions under leaves and stones in woods and low pastures. 

 One corner of the field on the opposite side of the railway from Dow's 

 Swamp is very wet during the six. months that the water remains in 

 the canal near by. A number of cedar logs are in this corner, and un- 

 der them /'. coitract'i may hi always obtained in abundance, accom- 

 panied by Val'.o.dn pulchella and CarycJdum exlguuin. All three are 

 very minute shells, but owing to their color easy to find. Tiiis pupa is 

 very much smaller than av/u{/era and considerably larger i\vA.n jy^ntodon 

 being 2 5 m n. in length by 1-3 in diameter. It has three and often 

 four teeth, that on the transverse lip being very large and prominent. 



