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DR ANDERSON ON CODEINE, AND 
8:670 grains of the precipitated salt, dried by long exposure to the air, lost, 
at 212°, 0-569 grains of water=6'56 per cent. 
Four equivalents of water require 6-14 per cent. The formula of the salt is, 
therefore, C,, H,, (NO,) NO, HCl+ Pt Cl, +4 HO. 
When nitrocodeine dissolved in alcohol is treated with hydrosulphuret of 
ammonia in the water-bath, the solution gradually acquires a dark colour, and 
sulphur is deposited. When the action is complete, the filtered fluid gives with 
ammonia a brown amorphous precipitate, which, when dissolved in hydrochloric 
acid, and boiled with animal charcoal, gives, on precipitation, a pale-yellow base. 
The substance so obtained is very different from nitrocodeine; it is extremely 
soluble in alcohol, and is deposited from it as an amorphous powder. Once only 
did I obtain definite crystals, which were brownish rhomboids, but in too small 
quantity to admit of examination. The amorphous base did not give satisfactory 
results; and as its preparation is extremely troublesome, I did not pursue its 
investigation further. Arguing from what we know of the other bases formed by 
the same process, its constitution ought to be C,, H,, N, O,, and it might be called 
azocodeine. 
V. Action of Bromine on Codeine. 
Bromocodeine.—IM order to obtain this substance, bromine-water is added in 
small successive portions to finely-powdered codeine. The base is rapidly dis- 
solved, and the solution loses its colour of bromine, but acquires a peculiar and 
characteristic red shade. After a certain quantity of bromine has been added, 
small crystals make their appearance, which are hydrobromate of bromocodeine ; 
but these are only observed if the bromine-water has been thoroughly saturated, 
and are deposited in small quantity only, the remainder being retained in solu- 
tion. When the whole of the codeine has been got into solution, ammonia is 
added, and bromocodeine is immediately thrown down as a silvery-white powder. 
In this state it contains a small quantity of unchanged codeine. It is collected 
on a filter ; washed several times with cold water, and redissolved in hydrochloric 
acid, from which it is reprecipitated by ammonia, and finally crystallised from 
boiling spirit. Bromocodeine is scarcely soluble in cold water; but by boiling, a 
somewhat larger quantity is taken up, and deposited again on cooling in minute 
prisms, terminated by dihedral summits. It is readily soluble in alcohol, parti- 
cularly on boiling, and is best crystallised from spirit diluted with its bulk of 
water. The crystals in which it is deposited are always very small, but bril- 
liantly white. It is scarcely soluble in ether. Exposed to heat, it melts into a 
colourless fluid, which is destroyed at a temperature slightly above its melting 
point. It dissolves in cold sulphuric acid, and the solution when heated becomes 
dark coloured. It is attacked by nitric acid, but much less rapidly than 
codeine itself. 
