263 



and F(}ia), analogous to that of tlie functions cos (na), and sin 

 (na), in the calculus of angles, is established entirely by the ordi- 

 nary algebraic analysis. 



3. On the Newer Tertiary or Pliocene Deposites of Scotland. 

 By James Smith, Esq. of Jordanhill. 



Mr Smith of Jordanhill stated the general results of his obser- 

 vations on the newest tertiary or pliocene deposites of Scotland. 

 In every one of the maritime counties, elevated marine beds con- 

 taining shells, of which about one-tenth are no longer to be found in 

 the British seas, have been discovered. Some of the shells appear 

 to have become altogether extinct, others occur in crag and Sicilian 

 tertiary beds, and others in the Arctic seas,— indicating that the 

 climate was probably colder at the period of their deposition. 



The so-called submarine forests, and till or diluvium, lie under 

 these deposites, and are therefore of still greater antiquity. Mam- 

 malian remains have been discovered in them, all of which appear 

 to differ from recent species. 



4. On certain circumstances affecting the Colour of Blood 

 during Coagulation. By Dr P. K. Newbigging. Com- 

 municated by Professor Forbes. 



The author described in this paper certain anomalous appearances 

 presented by venous blood when left in contact with coloured porce- 

 lain. When blood drawn from a vein is either allowed to coagu- 

 late in a porcelain cup, or after coagulation is left in it for some hours, 

 the dark purple tint characteristic of venous blood is found to be 

 altered to the bright arterial hue, wherever it was in contact with 

 any elevated device of the green colour, which is communicated by 

 means of protoxide of chrome. In one instance the same effect was 

 produced by a device of a crimson tint; but in more than sixty 

 trials with this and every other variety of colour used in ornament- 

 ing porcelain, the author could observe no such effect as was in- 

 variably produced by patterns of a green tint. The effect was 

 scaicely apparent, if the pattern was not somewhat elevated. Mere 

 elevation of the porcelain, however, is not the cause of the change 

 of colour. Adhesion of a little oxygen of the air to the surface of 

 the pattern is not its cause ; for no change is produced by the green 

 devices of porcelain on a gelatinous mass of gelatin and protoxide 



