394 W. Batesou. 



1. Ill both animals and plants albinos are recessive to co- 

 loured types. But in several cases white varieties which 

 are not albinos, having- pigment in the eyes (animals) or 

 in the stalks (plants) may be substantially dominant to 

 coloured types. This has been seen in fowls among ani- 

 mals, and in Primula sinensis among plants. Lang has 

 found that the bandless type of Helix is dominant to the 

 banded type. In pigeons, white is recessive to colour 

 (Staples-Browne), and in certain breeds of fowls (e. g.. 

 white rosecomb Bantams, E.E.C. (10, b)) this is also the case. 



2. In fowls the light-coloured iris called "daw-eye", of Malays, 

 and the darkly pigmented iris of some breeds (e. g,, Anda- 

 lusians) are both recessive to the normal red iris (Bateson 

 and Punnett, unpublished). 



3. In plants, generally speaking, the deeper shades of red 

 are recessive to the paler. For instance the deep crimson 

 both of the stalk and the flower of some Priumla sinensis 

 strains is recessive to paler red stalk and to the common 

 rose-magenta of the flower of the type. The deep red of 

 the Sweet Peas (e. g., Firelly) is recessive to the red 

 bi-colour "Painted Lady". The deep purple of the Sweet 

 Pea "Black Knight'" is recessive to the original purple 

 bicolour. 



In Rabbits, Rats. Mice ike, black is, as has been seen, 

 "recessive" — if the term is here admissible — to the 

 mixed grey of the wild animal. In horses also Hurst 

 proved that "chestnut, i. e., absence of black points, is 

 recessive to bay and brown, in which black points occur. 

 But in Lepidoptera the melanic forms, so far studied, are 

 dominant to the lighter types (Doncaster). The same 

 is true both of the melanic variety of fowls known as 

 "brown-breasted" and of the full black type, both of which 

 are dominant to the original brown (Fig. 16). In the 

 beetle Lina Lapjaonica black was found by M cC rack en 

 to be recessive to the spotted type. 



4. In flower- colours, the red or pink of Sweet Peas, Stocks, 

 l^alvia Horminum, Pisuni, Arc, is recessive to purple. But 

 in Primula Sinensis blue is recessive to red or magenta. 

 Doubtless the pigments concerned will be proved to be of 

 distinct chemical nature in these different types. 



5. In plants colourless chromoplastids have in all cases studied 

 been found to be dominant to yellow plastids, so that we 

 liave the phenomenon of cream-colour being recessive to 

 white. 



