165 



socket joint to the extremity of a long andflexible cervicaispine, 

 can rotate freely, and the animal can look around, and even 

 see an object behind it, without changing the position of its 

 body. Whoever has carefully observed the living elephant 

 must have been struck with the peculiar expression of his 

 small but clear and brilliant eye, moving freely in every di- 

 rection ; he glances at the spectator with a sort of suspicious 

 scowl, views him steadily, observes and follows his motions 

 merely by the rolling of his eye-ball, without any change in 

 the position of his head or of his body." 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE. 



Figure I. — View of the posterior or ocular surface of the 

 eye-lids and memb. nictitans. 1 . Upper eye-lid ; 2. Levator 

 muscle of ditto; 3. Palpebral fissure ; 4. Membrana nictitans, 

 or third eye-lid ; 5. Lower eye-lid; 6. Harder's gland ; 7. Duct 

 of ditto, opening on the ocular surface of the memb. nict. ; 

 8. Nictitating cartilage; 9 and 10. Upper and lower nicti- 

 tator niuscles ; 11. Orbicularis palpebrarum. 



Figure 1 L — Nictitating membrane, cartilage, and muscles, 

 removed. 1. Cartilage, its long pedicle; 2, 3. Superior and 

 inferior nictitator muscles ; 4. Elastic tissue attached to pe- 

 dicle of cartilage ; 5. Membrana nictitans, enclosing the thin 

 expansion of the cartilage ; 6. Opening of Harder's duct. 



Figure IIL — Globe of the eye and muscles of the orbit. 

 1. Levator palpebrae sup. ; 2. Sup. rectus ; 3. Sup. oblique; 

 4. Inter rectus ; 5. Infer, rectus ; 6. Optic nerve, long and 

 slender; 7. Infer, oblique ; 8. Exter. rectus; 9. Second exter. 

 rectus, or retrahens orbitae anguli externi, inserted into 10. 

 Fibrous mass at the outer canthus of the orbit ; 11. Globe of 

 the eye; 12. Bulb surrounding the entrance of the optic 

 nerve. 



Sir Robert Kane presented, on behalf of the Hon. Skef- 

 fington Daly, a cinerary urn found near Athenry. 



