377 
tisfactory conclusion as to its real structure; the microscope 
shows nothing but a simple granule, presenting active mole- 
cular motion. It is only during the very early age of Bacte- 
rium cerevisiz that the composition of the filament is apparent, 
alittle later all trace of transverse division disappears, and the 
filament appears perfectly smooth and homogeneous. 
The author has examined many examples of distillers’ wort 
during the progress of fermentation, both experimentally, on 
asmall scale, and in large masses in the fermenting-backs, 
and he has universally observed the presence of the Bacterium; 
in instances where, for the sake of experiment, fermentation 
was prevented, the ferment-cells were never developed, and 
the Bacterium very imperfectly. 
The author then proceeded to detail the results of some 
careful observations he had made on the progress of develop- 
ment of the ferment-cells and Bacterium filaments during the 
alcoholic fermentation of wort. 
A specimen of distillers’ wort, prepared from mixed grain, 
was introduced into a flask, and set to ferment at a tempera- 
ture of about 90°, without the addition of yeast. It was then 
carefully examined by the microscope, at intervals of twelve 
hours, and the results noted. The fluid, when first set to fer- 
ment, contained some untransformed starch granules suspended 
in it, with amorphous granular matter and a few minute oil- 
globules. No trace of ferment-cells or of Bacterium could 
be detected by the most careful microscopical examination. 
After twelve hours.—No appearance of fermentation. The 
microscope reveals numerous filaments of Bacterium, but no 
ferment-cells are yet visible. 
After twenty-four hours.—A few small air-bubbles are 
collected round the edge of the fluid, but otherwise there is 
no decided appearance of fermentation. 
Under the microscope a few very small cells may be seen, 
some single, and some in groups of two. Filaments of Bacte- 
rium numerous. 
2P2 
