40 MECOPTERA AND PLANIPENNIA 
year, but I have no certainty about this taxation. The 
indigenous name of them is » Oendoer-oendoer’’, derived from 
moendoer = go backwards, after their well known mode 
of moving. 
The cocoon is spherical and has a diameter of about 
7'/, mm. It is made under the dry sand and is spun 
of a white substancy. It opens by a round cover, which 
is a part of the cocoon spun loosely by the larva, 
which can easily be proved by opening a not emerged cocoon, 
wherein the larva died before pupating. In this case it is 
always made ready and so it is impossible that the 
imago or pupa bites it so when emerging, as in Hyme- 
noptera. Though the cover is round and opens in the 
same way, the principle is quite different. 
The pupa (fig. 18) is, when freshly hatched, nearly 
Fie. 18. yellow with brown spots; 
it is curved and very short 
length about 6mm. When 
it is nearly ready for 
emerging, it is getting 
the dark colour of the 
imago and stretches itself, 
pushes the round cover, 
which falls off or rests 
united with the cocoon by 
some threads. The empty 
pupaskin rests half out the 
cocoon and is hyaline, 
except the tips of mandi- 
bles, which are brown. 
The pupal stage dures 
Myrmeleon frontalis Burmeister. from 2 to 3 weeks. The 
en, imago emerges in April 
and August to November. Its first excrement is a pale grey 
bar of 3 mm. length and 1 mm. breadth, which is the 
larval excrement. 
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XX XI. 
ee ne: 
