10 MAMMALIA. 
doqua. 3. Antilope. 4. Gazella. 5. Ovis. 6. Capra. 7. 
Ovibos. 
V. Bovipa. (Muffle naked, grazers.) 1. Tragulus (Ant. pyg- 
meus). 2. Sylvicapra (A. Mergens). 3. Tragelaphus (A. picta). 
4. Calliope (A. Strepsiceros). 5. Kemas (A. Goral). 6. Capri- 
cornis (A. Thar). 7. Bubalus (A. Bubalus). 8. Oryx (A. Oryx). . 
9. Bos. 
Lesson (Nov. Tab. Reg. Anim. 167. 1842) divides them into— 
1. Cameliside. 2. Camelopardine. 3. Cerviside. 4. Mos- 
chiside. 5. Antilope. 6. Ovesidee. 7. Bovesidez. 
Mr. Hodgson, in an Essay on various genera of Ruminants 
(Journ. Acad. N. S. Calcut. 1847; Mission Press, 1847), proposes 
to divide them into—l. Cervide or Haranadi; 2. Moschide or 
Mushkadi; 3. the Cavicornie minores or Flocks, as Antilopide 
or Sasinadi; 4. Cavicornie majores or Herds, as Bovide or Gau- 
drisha. 
Professor Carl Sundevall in his Essay on Pecora (Kongl. 
Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1844, 1846; and Hornschuch, Archiv, 
ii. 1848) proposes the following arrangement :— 
A. UNGULIGRADA. a. Cervicornia. 1. Camelopardalina. 
1. Camelopardalis. II. Cervina. 2. Alces. 3. Rangifer. 4. Cer- 
vus. 5. Capreolus. 6. Prox. 7. Moschus. 8. Tragulus. b. Bovi- 
cornia. Ll. Sylvicaprina. a. 9. Tetraceras. 10. Tragelaphus. 
11. Sylvicapra. 12. Neotragus. 13. Nanotragus. 14. Callo- 
tragus. 5.15. Cervicapra. 16. Strepsiceros. 17. Hippotragus. 
IV. Bovina. a. 18. Portax. 19. Damalis. 20. Anoa. 21. Bos. 
b. 22. Ovibos. 23. Catoblepas. 24. Oryx. V. Antilopina. 
25. Bubalis. 26. Antilope. 27. Dicranoceras. V1. Caprina. 
28. Ovis. 29. Capra. 296. Rupicapra. 29 c. Hemitragus. 
30. Nemorhedus. 31. Oreotragus. 
B. Digrricgrapa. VI. Camelina. 32. Camelus. 33. Au- 
chenia. 
M. Pucheran (Compt. Rendus Acad. Scien. 1849, 775) divides 
the Ruminantes into three families :—1. Les Camelides. 2. Les 
Tragulides (Moschus). 3. Les Cervides. The latter is divided 
into two tribes :—1. Les Cerviens. 2. Les Boviens. 
M. F. Cuvier observes :—“ Mais tous ces essais ne sont point 
encore de nature a satisfaire la méthode naturelle, et lesnaturalistes — 
doivent encore chercher a découvrir quelles sont les parties qui, 
chez ces animaux, sont propres 4 caractériser les genres.” — 
Dict. Sci. Nat. lix. 514. 1829. 
Mr. Ogilby remarks (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, 133) :—* The 
presence or absence of horns in one or both sexes ; the substance 
and nature of these organs, whether solid or concave, permanent 
