MAMMALIA. 143 
tal plane. Cores of horns thick, porous, cellular. Horns seated 
superiorly on the crest of the forehead, and by their union co- 
vering the top of the head. Canines wanting. Teats 2, rarely 4.” 
—RHodgson. 
The males have a strong stench; they butt first raising them- 
selves on their hind-legs and then coming down sideways against 
their enemies. 
Caprex, Gray, Ann. & Mag. N. H. 1846, 230. 
Capride et Bovide, part., Ogilby, P. Z. S. 1836. 
Ovesidez, part., Lesson, Nov. Tab. R. A. 182. 
Hircide, J. Brookes, Mus. Cat. 72, 1828. 
Hireus, Rafin. Anal. Nat. 56, 1815. 
Capra, Blainv. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1816, 76; Sundevall, Pecora, 90. 
Bos, part., Wagler, N. Syst. Amp. 32, 1830. 
Mr. Hodgson, in his remarks on the Craniological character 
of Ovis and its allies, observes, “‘ That the great depth or extent 
of the posteal plane of the skull (comprehending half the frontal 
- and all the parietal bones), and the acute angle it forms with the 
anteal plane in the genus Ovis, will be found to be characters of 
more permanence and moment in separating this genus and Capra 
from the nearest adjacent groups of Rummants, than most of the 
diagnostics now employed. I subjoin an outline of the typical 
Antilopme and Cervme form of skull on one hand, and that of 
the normal form of Ovis and Capra. Of these forms, Cervus and 
Ovis represent the extremes, and Antilope and Capra the means ; 
but there is a regular gradation from Cervus to Antilope, from it 
to Capra, and from it again to Ovis.”—J. A. S. B. x. 234. t. 2. 
Mr. Hodgson, in his remarks on the genera Capra and Ovis, 
observes, “ The males not being odorous is one of the best cha- 
racters to separate the Sheep from the male Goats, which are 
always odorous.”—J. A. S. B. iv. 491, 1835; x. 234, 1841. 
The horns of some domestic varieties have an inclination to 
twist more or less spirally, like some varieties of Sheep and Strep- 
siceres. 
The keel of the horns of the Sheep, and especially of the 
Goats, is on the inner part of the front edge of the horns; but in 
the Marbur or Snake-eater of Affghanistan the strongest keel 
which forms the spiral ridge arises from the hinder part of the 
inner side of the horns, the front one being obscure. 
The hybrid produce of the Sheep and Goat are fertile, black- 
faced, and differ little in form from the black-faced Sheep. The 
intercourse is stated to be common.—Muirhead, Statistical Acc. 
Parish of Urr. xi. 66; Fleming, Phil. Zool. ii. 198; see also 
Cuvier, R. A. i. 267. 
