le ails 
MAMMALIA. 189 
vered with a pencil of hairs. The fur brittle, in summer short, 
in winter longer, whiter; of the throat longest. The hoofs are 
broad, depressed, and bent in at the tip. The external metatarsal 
gland above the middle of the leg. Horns im both sexes, elon- 
_ gate, subcylindrical, with the basal branches and tip dilated and 
palmated ; of the females smaller. Skull with rather large nose- 
cavity, at least half as long as the distance to the first grinder ; 
the intermaxillary moderate, nearly reaching to the nasal; a 
small, very shallow suborbital pit; a very large, oblong, deep 
fissure. They live in the arctic regions in both hemispheres, 
migrating in flocks, and eating lichens. 
Cervus § 2. Rangifer, H. Smith in G. A. K. iv. , 1827; in 
Fischer, Syn. 11. 612. 
Rangifer, Lesson, Mamm. i. 260; N. Tab. R. A. 169, 1842; Gray, 
Inst Mamm. B. M. 181; Cat. Osteol. B. M. 69; Sundevall, 
Pecora, 64, 113, 131. 
Tarandus, Ogilby, P. Z. S. 1836, 134. 
Rennes, Blainv. Desm. Mam. ii. 448, 1822. 
1. TARANDUS RANGIFER. The CariBou REIN DEER. 
Dark brown in summer; grey in winter. Young, brown yel- 
low varied. 
Cervus Tarandus, Linn. S. N.i. 93; Gmelin, S. N.i.177; Amen. 
Acad. iv. 144. t. 1; Eral. Syst. 305; Retz. Fn. Suec. i. 42; 
Fab. Faun. Grenl.16; Schreb. Saugth. 1828, t. 248 a, B,c,D,E; 
Desm. N. Dict. H. N. ii. 521; Mamm. 431; Ency. Méh.t. 58. 
f. 3,4; F. Cuvier, Dict. Se. Nat. vii. 463. fig.; Mam. Lithog. 
t.; Desmoul. Dict. Class. H. N. ui. 375; Fischer, Syn. 443. 
631; Pallas, Zool. Ross. A. i. 106; Eversmann, Bull. Soc. 
Imp. Nat. Mosq. 1840, 59; Cuvier, Mam. Lithog. t.; Bennett, 
Gard. Z. S. 241. fig.; Richardson, F. Bor. Amer. 238. 
C. Tarandus sylvestris (Woodland Caribou), Rich. F. B. A. 
250. 
Tarandus rangifer, Bonap. Index Mamm. Europ. 35, 1845. 
Cervus rangifer, Rai Syn. 88; Klein, Quad. 23. t. 1; Brisson 
i; A982. ; 
Capra Groenlandica, Raii Syn. 90. 
Cervus Greenlandicus, Brisson, Reg. Anim. 88. 
Cervus platyrhynchos, Vrolich, Rendier, t. 2, 1828. 
Cervus coronatus, Geoff. MSS. in Schreb. Saugth. 1135; Desm.. 
Mamm. 439; Fischer, Syn. 613; H. Smith, Griffith A. K. v. 
S223 ty: 90.t. °-. 1. 4. . 
Rangifer Tarandus, Gray, List Mamm. B. M. 181; Cat. Osteol, 
B. M. 69; Sundevall, Pecora, 54. . 
Cervus mirabilis, Jonston, Quad. t. 36. 
