MAMMALIA. 195 
_ Horns, long, two lower branches near together. North Ame- 
rica. 
Horns, small, two lower branches rather near. North America. 
Horns, large, beams without the upper frontal branches, the 
- tip of right horn subpalmate (perhaps a different species). 
The American Elk still exists on the upper branches of the 
Susquehanna River, and thence westward may occasionally be 
found in all favourable situations to the Pacific Ocean. Those 
observed on the mountains south of the Columbia River were of 
unusual size.—Peale. 
Var. Smaller. 
Hab. Plas of California and the upper parts of the Missouri — 
River, in large herds. 
The Elks in California are very abundant; they are not gene- 
rally so large as those inhabiting the mountain districts, but we 
can find no specific character to separate one from the other.— 
Peale. 
b. Hoofs narrow, triangular. Tail moderate. Covered with harsh 
hair. Western World. Crrvus. 
x 2. Cervus Evapuus. The Sraa. 
Brown. Rump with a pale spot extending rather above the 
upper surface of the base of the tail. Soy 
Cervus Elaphus, Linn. S. N. 1. 93; Gmelin, S. N.i. 176; Era. 
Syst. 301; Schreb. Saugth. 996. t. 247 a, B, c, D, E; Desm. 
Mam. 434; Ency. Meéth. t. 57. f. 3,4; F. Cuvier, Mam. Li- 
thog.t.; Blyth, J. Asiat. Soc. Beng. x.750.t. .f.10,11(12?); 
Sundevall, Pecora, 55; Gray, List Mamm. B. M..177; Cat. 
Osteol. B. M. 65; Knowsley Menag.; Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850. 
Cervus vulgaris, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. i. 11. 
Elaphus communis, J. Brookes, Cat. Mus. 61, 1828. 
Cervus nobilis, Klein, Quad. 23. 
Cervus, Plini Hist. Nat. viii. c. 32; Gesner, Quad. 354. fig. ; 
Agricola, des Hirchen, &c. 1603; Aldrov. Bisulc. 769. fig. 774 ; 
Grabe Elaphographie, 1667 ; Hill, Animal. 577. t. 28; Bris- 
son, R. A. 86. 
*Edados, Aristot. Hist. Anim. ii. c. 7. n. 37; Atlian, Anim. vi. 
e. 11,15; Oppian, Cyneg. i. 176. 
Stag or Red Deer, Penn. Brit. Zool. i. 34; Syn. 49; Quad. i. 
— 114; Shaw, Zool. ii. 276. t. 117. 
Biche, Buffon, H. N. vi. t. 10. 
Faon du Cerf, Buffon, H. N. vi. t. 12. 
Cerf, Buffon, H. N. vi. 65. t. 9. 
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