254 MAMMALIA. 
Varies from brown to white, and also greatly in size, strength 
and quickness, according to the breed and the climate. 
2. LAMA. 
Back even, not humped. Tail short, hairy. Toes slender; 
é as ; 
soles narrow, separate in front. Grinders —. South America. 
Lama, Cuvier; Desm. N. Dict. H. N. xxiv. 31, 1804; Fischer, 
Syn. 436. 
Auchenia, Jlliger, Prod. 103, 1811 (not Marshall). 
Laema, Tiedemann, Zool. i. 421. 
“ Llacma, Cuvier,” Illiger, Prod. 
Vicunia, Rafinesque, Anal. Nat. 55, 1815. 
Dromedarius, Wagler, N. Syst. Amph. 
Aucheria, F. Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. lix. 512 (misprint). 
Les Lamas, F. Cuvier, Dent. Mam. 229. 
Elaphocamelus, Mathiola, Episc. 381; Marcgrave, Brasils, 243. 
Cervocamelus, Jonst. Quad. 
Molini, and most systematic writers after him, have considered 
that there are five distinct kinds: viz.—1l. Vigoyne, 2. Guanaco, 
3. Llama, 4. Alpaca, 5. Heuque. 
Desmarest (N. D. H. N. xxiv. 31, 1804) allows two. 1. Lama 
(C. llama and huanacus, Linn.). 2. Vigogne (C. paco, C. Vico- 
nia, and C. araunacus, Linn.). 
M. F. Cuvier allows of three kinds: he considers the Vigoyne 
as very doubtful, but the latter is often brought alive to this 
country. 
Dr. Tschudi, in the Fauna of Peru, indicates four kinds: viz. 
—1. A. huanaco, 2. A. Lama, 3. A. pacos, and 4. A. Vieunia. 
He states that the Lama and Alpaca are only known in the do- 
mesticated state. 
Dr. Sundevall (Pecora) considers there is only ‘two species, the 
A. Lama and A. Vicunna, regarding the Lama and Alpaca as 
domestic varieties of the Huanaco (A. Lama). 
Prof. F. L. Walther (Neue Annal. Wetter. Gesellsch. 1819, 105), 
on the other hand, proposes to divide the genus Lama into three 
sections. 1. Lama, with a callosity on the breast. 2. Guanak, 
with one on the (Rucken); and 3. Araukan, containimg the Vi- 
gogne and Pako, without any callosities (Hocker) ! 
The period of gestation in the three kinds which have bred at 
Knowsley, namely the Llama, Alpaca, and Guanaco, is eleven 
months; the Llama and Alpaca breed regularly; but by the 
Guanaco only a single fawn has been produced, to which one of 
the male Llamas is sire. None of them produce more than one 
at a birth. 
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