MAMMALIA. 255 
In confinement, the Vicuna and the Alpaca often have the 
lower cutting-teeth elongated and projecting, giving the face a 
bulldog-like appearance. I have not observed this in the Gua- 
naco or Llama. 
The Alpaca may be a tame, heavy variety of the Vicuna, as it 
has the same short, hairy head; but the neck is thicker, and the 
whole animal heavier, and the hair of the head longer and more 
bushy, and it wants the pectoral fringe. 
All the tribe have the disagreeable habit of spittmg, when irri- 
tated, a quantity of half-digested cud; the Llama and Alpaca do 
this only when much annoyed; the Guanaco, on the contrary, 
upon the slightest occasion. 
Unlike Sheep, these animals, in confinement at least, do not 
shed their coat. 
Though the Llama, Alpaca and Vicuna are generally harmless 
and inoffensive, the males will very readily quarrel with each 
other. 
Mr. Walton, a zealous advocate for the naturalization of the 
Alpaca, in his little book on the subject, published by Blackwood 
in 1844, apprehends better success will be the result when the 
Alpacas are turned on to waste and mountain lands than when 
they are kept on richer pasture and well cared for. But the fact 
that few, if any, specimens are now living in Great Britain be- 
side those at Knowsley, does not favour this conclusion. 
The Llama,the Alpaca and the Vicugna, are exclusively confined 
to the colder and more elevated regions of the Peruvian Andes ; 
the Guanaco has a wider geographic range, extending to the 
plains of Patagonia, and even the southernmost extremity of the 
continent. The Llama inhabits the high valleys of the Peru- 
Bolivian Andes, its favourite region being the valley of the lake 
of Titicaca. It was the only beast of burthen possessed by the 
Aborigines; hence we find it wherever the Incas carried their 
conquests and civilization, from the equator to beyond the 
southern tropic. It is still extensively employed by the Indians 
as a beast of burthen, and its wool, though coarse, 1s used by the 
Aborigines. Like all domestic animals, it varies in colour; its 
flesh is nauseous, black, and ill-tasted. 
The Alpaca or Paco, a gentle and handsome animal, although 
more closely allied to the Llama than any of its congeners, is a di- 
stinct species ; it inhabits at still more elevated places than the 
Llama, its favourite haunts being on the streams descending from 
the snowy peaks; it is only found in a domestic state; it is 
reared for its wool, which is extremely fine, silky and long, and 
which now bears a high price, from its introduction into some of 
our finest woollen tissues. The Vicugna is only found in the 
wild state, in the plaims on the Andes, as high as 1500 feet; its 
