MERULA JAVANICA, 107 
NOTE VIII. 
ON MERULA JAVANICA AND ITS NEAREST ALLIES 
BY 
J. BUTTIKOFER. 
When occasionally looking over the Malayan specimens 
of the genus Merula in the Leyden Museum, my attention 
was drawn by a probably new bird from Celebes, which 
shows a very strong relationship to M. javanica (Horsf.) 
and IM. schlegeli (Sclat.). Mr. Seebohm, in his Catalogue 
of the Turdidae in the British Museum, united M. schlegeli 
with M. javanica, though the distinguishing characters, 
pointed to by Dr. Sclater, are striking enough to have it 
recognized as an undoubtedly valid species. As Dr. Sharpe 
described another species from Borneo, we will have to 
deal, at present, with the following four species of this 
group: 
1. Merula javanica. 
Turdus javanicus Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 148 (1822); 
Sclat. Ibis 1861, p. 280; id. 1875, p. 344, pl. 8; Seebohm, Cat. 
Birds Br. Mus. V, p. 279 (partim). 
Turdus fumidus S. Mill. Verh. Land- en Volkenk. p. 201 (1839). 
Turdus hypopyrrhus Hartl. Verz. Brem. Samml. p. 43 (1844). 
This species is represented in the Leyden Museum by 
1° an adult female from Java (Mount Gedeh, 8000’), the 
type of Müller's Zwrdus fumidus; 2° an unsexed adult 
specimen, obtained in 1860 in Java, and 3° an immature 
specimen from Java. 
Notes from the Lieyden Museum, Vol. XV. 
