MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 25 



tions of which the radiations were necessary. His view is practically 

 that of Godlewsky, although he makes no mention of the latter among 

 the references made to other writers. 



Wiesner made a quantitative examination of the influence of 

 illumination of various intensities in producing etiolative effects and 

 in causing alterations of stature. Leaves and stems were found to 

 respond unequally to such variations.*^' 



Ziegebein"*' also found that etiolated shoots of Solanum respired 

 less actively than normal stems. 



Among other reactions of aquatic plants those shown by Cati- 

 Jerpa are strikingly similar to those of the higher plants, according 

 to the observations of Klemm,^*^ Noll*' and Berthold.*^ No foliar 

 prolifications are produced by specimens grown in darkness and the 

 small number of branches sent out take the form of cylindrical bodies 

 entirely free from chlorophyl. 



Godlewsky ^^ again attacked the problem of daily variations in the 

 rate of growth and found that daily periodicity might or might not 

 be exhibited. A sudden illumination of a plant which has been kept 

 in darkness for several hours causes a diminution of the rate of 

 growth in a very short time. The decrease continues for i}^ to ^}i 

 hours then slowdy regains the original rate, consequently he held 

 that the daily periodicity was due to the direct influence of light. 



Frankfurt '^^ made an extensive series of analyses of the composi- 

 tion of seeds and etiolated seedlings of Cannabis sativa and Helian- 

 thiis annuiis in 1893. Attention was directed chiefly to the estimation 

 of asparagin and glutamin in the first species. Seedlings of Helian- 

 thus 12 days old were found to be rich in soluble carbohydrates, 

 poor in nitrogenous bases, to contain no starch, some pentosanes, 



s* Wiesner, J. Photometrischen Untersuchungen auf Pflanzenphjsiologischen 

 Gebiete. Sitzungsber. d. Kaiserl. x\kad. d. Wiss. i. Wien. 102 : Abth. i. 1893. 



s^Ziegebein, E. Untersuchungen iiber den Athmung keimende Kartoffelknollen 

 sowie anderer Pflanzen. Jahrb. f. Wiss. Bot. 25 : 563. 1893. 



8«Klemm, P. Veher Caulerpa proltfera. Flora, 77 : 460. 1893. 



87 Noll, F. Ueber die Einfluss der Lage auf die morphologische Ausbildung einiger 

 Siphoneen. Arb. a. d. Bot. Inst. i. Wurzburg, 3 : 466. 1888. 



s^Berthold, G. Beitrage zur Morphologic und Physiologic der Meeresalgen. 

 Jahrb. f. Wiss. Bot. 13 : 569. 1S82. 



89 Godlewsky, E. Studien uber das Wachstum der Pflanzen. Abb. d. Krakauer 

 Akad. d. Wiss. Math.-Naturw. CI. 23: 1-157- Abstract by Rothert. Bot. Centralbl. 



55 : 34- 1893- 



90 Frankfurt, S. Ueber die Zusammensetzung der Samen und etiohrten Keim- 



pflanzen. Inaug. Diss. Wilna. 1893. 



