MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 43 



change in temperature soon awakened the buds and the formation 

 of stems was carried on vigorously. March 19, stems 10 to 30 

 cm. long were to be seen. The stems were decumbent and trailing 

 with the apices directed upward in accordance with their apogeo- 

 tropism. Repeated tests were made by placing the terminal portions 

 of the stems in contact with supports but in no instance were any 

 manifestations of twining to be observed. March 28, stems 30 to 

 45 cm. were measured and the internodes in the terminal half were 

 found to have a greater diameter than those of the basal portion. 

 The comparative lengths of the internodes are shown by the following 

 figures : 



Etiolated. 



Basal, 6 8.5 9 6.5 9 76 64 54 Apical. 

 Basal, 9 7 10 9.5 8.5 6 6.5 6 6.5 5 Apical. 



It is to be seen that the basal internodes attained greater length 

 in the etiolated specimens, but that the maximum length of the etio- 

 lated internode was not greater than in the normal. The number of 

 internodes was greater in etiolated examples than in normal of the 

 same age, but the ultimate number developed in the normal was 

 greater of course. The shorter internodes in the terminal portion 

 of the stems were still in process of elongation in both etiolated and 

 normal examples at the time the above measurements were made. 



The etiolated stems were free from trichomes, which were very 

 abundant on normal green stems. The stipules were nearly normal 

 in size and form, but the remainder of the leaf was represented by a 

 short petiole i to 2 mm. long bearing three rudimentary leaflets the 

 laminae of which were not more than i mm. in length. The axillary 

 buds were of about the same length as the petioles, and those near 

 the apex might easily be started into activity by the destruction of 

 the terminal bud. 



Marked divergences from the normal were to be found in the in- 

 ternal anatomical characters of the stem. The epidermal cells were 

 more than twice the length of the normal and were also much wider 

 in surface view. The increase in width was exactly correlated with 

 the increased thickness of the etiolated stem, but the relation of the 



