MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 47 



The outer and lowest sheathing scale attained a length of 3 cm., 

 and the scale from the median node of the new corm was 9 cm. 

 long, while the leaf arising from the upper end of the terminal node 

 attained a length of 25 cm., which is about double that of the nor- 

 mal. The excessive development is distributed throughout the entire 

 length of the leaf, so far as my examinations may be depended 

 upon. The upper portion remained folded plicately in a cylindrical 

 mass a few millimeters in diameter, and the total width when arti- 

 ficially extended was not more than one-fourth of the normal. 

 Numerous stomata were formed which were open when examined in 

 alcohol. 



About the time that the leaves reached maturity, offsets from the 

 young corm were sent off, which in some instances had the coralloid 

 form taken in certain mycorhizal adaptations which I have previously 

 described. ^^^ 



The development of the leaves usually occurs at the close of a 

 vegetative season, and these organs live through the winter, falling 

 away in the spring, when the scape arises axially to the leaf scars. 

 In the etiolated examples, however, the development of the leaves 

 covered a period from December 27 to May following, and the in- 

 florescences began to push up in March before the growth of the 

 leaves was completed. The flowering branch is composed of two or 

 three internodes. From the upper end of the uppermost internode a 

 scale 8 to 15 cm. long arises completely sheathing the flower bud, its 

 edges being fused to form a complete covering. An inner scale 

 with a length of 6 cm. also sheathes the flowers in the same man- 

 ner. These two scales remain intact and the flowers perish with- 

 out being exposed to the air. The separate pedicels attain a length 

 about a half greater than the normal, and the floral envelope in 

 the separate flowers is much reduced, although the pollinia appear 

 fairly normal in stature. A third outer sheathing scale inclosing 

 the inflorescence is pushed open by the flower bud with its double 

 coat. 



Etiolated corms made a second growth in the dark chamber after 

 a resting period of four months. The second series of etiolated 

 leaves were smaller than the first. No flower buds were formed. 

 Many of the corms were seen to be alive after the second growth in 

 the dark, but no further action could be secured from them. 



i29MacDougal. Symbiotic Saprophytism. Annals of Botany, 13 : i- 1S99. 



