MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 



the normal were accompanied by excessive growth of the epidermal 

 cells, and by the formation of stomata apparently normal, and open 

 when examined in water. 



Guttation from the mar- 

 gins and apex of the etio- 

 lated leaves was very 

 marked. After four or 

 five months' continuous 

 leaf production the root- 

 stocks perished. 



Castanea dentata (Marsh) 

 Borkh. 



A number of chestnuts 

 were placed in moist soil 

 in the dark room and con- 

 trol house October lo, 



1901, and began germi- 

 nation about fifty days 

 later. The stems had 

 reached a length of 10 to 

 12 cm. on January i, 



1902. After a length of 

 25 cm. had been reached 

 the terminal buds per- 

 ished, and branches from 

 the first or second bud be- 

 low took up active growth, 

 sending up stems which had reached a length of 15 cm. by April 4, 

 1902. (See Fig. 48.) 



The basal portion of the shoot below the point of insertion of the 

 cotyledons showed a diameter of 6 mm. and the main stem about 

 half that amount. The entire main stem and the basal portion of 

 the branch in the illustrated specimen had assumed a brownish hue 

 in consequence of the changes in the cortex and epidermis replacing 

 the normal formation of bark. The leaves were all bract-like and 

 showed two stipular appendages of nearly equal size, all of much 

 the same character as those borne on the first three normal inter- 

 nodes. It is quite significant that this etiolated seedling showed noth- 



B 



Fig. 47. Epidermis of laminae of Canna. 

 normal. B, etiolated. 



A, 



