MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. IO5 



described above, had a length of 7 and 8 cm. It is thus to be seen that 

 etiolation phenomena are shown by this, as well as by all of the other 

 vines examined in the course of the experiments. Furthermore it 

 was found that in no instance did these vines exhibit a tendency to 

 .twine about supports as in the normal. 



Fig. 60. Partial cross section of etiolated stem ot-Fa/crt/ff c<7;«05«. X So- Descrip- 

 tion as in Fig. 60. 



The leaves remained as very small rudiments. Etiolated stems 

 were thicker than the normal by reason of the excessive development 

 of the cortex and pith. The epidermal cells of etiolated plants were 

 larger than the normal in all dimensions. The sclerenchyma showed 

 less thickening, as also the bast fibers, and less sieve tissue was differ- 

 entiated than in the normal. The xylem was also less developed than 

 in the normal. 



Fagus Americana Sweet. 



Trees of J^agus Americana 3 meters in height were placed in the 

 control house about December i, 1901, having been taken from the 

 soil and placed in large pots. About half of the buds were removed 

 from all of the plants. A young plant 25 cm. in height which had 

 been in the greenhouse three years was also placed in the dark 



