MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 



107 



The middle nerve only was apparent. Motile stomata were present 

 which were open when examined in water. The stems were about 2 

 mm. in diameter and were circular in cross section, the angles of the 

 normal stem being entirely lacking. Glandular hairs and functional 

 stomata were also present. The epidermis was composed of cells of 

 rounded outlines in cross section, and the collenchyma usually pres- 

 ent in the angles was entirely absent. The etiolated cortex was ex- 

 tremely thin-walled, and showed intercellular spaces. The stele re- 

 mained in an embryonic condition. The vessels of the xylem and 



Fig. 63. Galium circaezatis. A, transverse section of etiolated lamina. B, epi- 

 dermis of etiolated leaf. C, epidermis of normal leaf. 



protoxylem were barely distinguishable, and groups of sieve tissue 

 might be seen. The epidermal cells of the etiolated stem were 

 scarcely more elongated than the normal, but are wider in surface 

 view. The angle of the stem in the normal bears a duct furnished 

 with glands of the usual stature. The stomata were closely crowded 

 together as if the entire number had been formed in the earlier states 

 of development and were not separated by the normal development 

 of the epidermis, which did not take place. Anthocyan was pres- 

 ent in the leaf, and masses of a yellowish substance in the paren- 

 chyma cells of the laminae, and also in the etiolated shoot. The epi- 



