158 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. 



attained a length of 30 to 40 cm. The excessive elongation was 

 shared by the entire stipe and midrib. The distance between the 

 pinnae is 2 cm. normally, but in the etiolated it was 3 cm. The 

 pinnae reached a length of about a centimeter, were curved and had 

 the margins inrolled, and were about 3 or 4 mm. wide at the truncate 

 cordate base. The entire frond contained chlorophyl, and the hairs 

 were somewhat longer than in the normal examples. The number 

 of hairs was about the same as in the normal, and the greater 

 elongation of the frond made them appear more sparing, being dis- 

 tributed over a greater amount of space. Normal pinnae are about 

 6 to 8 cm. long and i cm. wide at the base. The transverse diam- 

 eter of the basal portion of the etiolated stipes was about 2 mm. while 

 that of the normal was i to 1.25. The increase was due chiefly 

 to the increase in size of the fundamental parenchyma, epidermal 

 and hypodermal tissues. Similar increase was also to be seen in the 

 vessels. The frond actually unrolled its entire length in some speci- 

 mens, the terminal lamina being borne on a stalk a centimeter long, 

 and not attaining a length of a twentieth of the normal. 



Quamasia. See Camassia. 



Quercus palustris DuRoi. 



Acorns of the swamp, or pin oak, of the crop of 1901 were placed 

 in the soil in the control chamber and in the dark room in November, 

 1901, germinating in about four months. The normal seedlings 

 had developed stems 2.5 to 3.5 mm. in diameter at base and about 

 25 to 35 cm. in length on July 6, 1902. The lower internodes 

 varied greatly in length from a few millimeters to 5 cm. in one 

 instance, and bore only small bract-like leaves. The terminal 

 portions of the largest plantlet, about 3 cm. in length, bore 13 leaves, 

 the uppermost of which approximated the adult type in size and 

 form. 



The oldest etiolated specimen had attained a length of 25 cm. 

 and the internodes were more uniformly elongated to lengths of 1.5 

 to 3.5 cm., the length increasing as the tip of the stem was ap- 

 proached. A younger plantlet that had made more rapid growth 

 had developed one internode 6 cm. long. The exaggeration in 

 length of etiolated shoots of this species is clearly a matter of exces- 

 sive elongation of the basal internodes, since the total number was 



