ORIGIN AND FORMATION OF SOILS. 129 
acid under a pressure of 3 atmospheres, and obtained a 
solution of which a pound* contained: 
Carbonate of soda, 22.0 grains. 
Chloride of sodium, 8S aR 
Sulphate of potash, Lif Gag 
_ “ soda, 4.8 -_°* 
Carbonate of lime, y BS ed 
a “* magnesia, A ae 
Silica, 7 a 
Phosvhoric acid and manganese, traces 
Total, 37.1 grains. 
In various ‘natural springs, water comes to the surface 
so charged with carbonic acid that the latter escapes 
copiously in bubbles. Such waters dissolve large quantities 
of mineral matters from the rocks through which they 
emerge. Examples are seen in the springs at Saratoga, 
N. Y. According to Prof. Chandler, the “Saratoga 
Spring,” whose waters issue directly from the rock, con- 
tains in one gallon of 231 cubic inches : 
Chloride of Sodium (common salt) 398.561 grains. 
= ** Potassium, 9.698 " 
Bromide of Sodium, 0.571 se 
Todide of Sodium, 0.126 ss 
Sulphate of Potash, 5.400 Li 
Carbonate of Lime, 86.483 « 
sg ‘* Magnesia, 41.050 oh 
- ** Soda, 8.948 = 
e ‘* Protoxide of iron, .879 ; os 
Silica, 1.283 oe 
Phosphate of lime, trace ec 
Solid matters, fox toe Ss 
Carbonic acid gas, (407.647 cubic inches at 52° Fah.) 
Water, 58,317.110 = 
The waters of ordinary springs and rivers, as well as 
those that fall upon the earth’s surface as rain, are, indeed, 
* The Saxon pound contains 7,680 Saxon grains. 
6* 
